Students for Stewardship The Cork Board
← Back to the library

Devil's Darning Needles

Clematis virginiana (KLEM-ah-tiss ver-jin-ee-AY-nah)

Family: Ranunculaceae Native Vine (vertical)

Virgin’s-bower, a native of the central and eastern United States and Canada, is a woody, perennial vine in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). The species epithet is Latin for “Virginian.” Virgin’s-bower prefers rich, moist, well-drained soil in full sun to partial to some deep shade. It is one of the few vines that will flower in shade. It can be pruned any time during the growing season to maintain shape and encourage bushiness. Pruning can be as low as 8 to 12 inches above ground if a couple of healthy leaf buds are on the remaining stalks. The best time to prune for the next year is late fall to early spring (Type 3). Propagate by layering, seed or stem cutting. It is a rapid grower and can reach 15 to 20 feet high and 3 to 6 feet wide, climbing by its clinging leaf stalks. Virgin’s-bower has showy, fragrant blooms in the autumn. It attracts a variety of pollinators, including hummingbirds. This plant may be less frequently damaged by deer and rabbits. Requiring less maintenance, the male plant is not adorned with seeds (versus the female, which does produce seeds) but is showier (in comparison to the female plant). This easy-to-grow vine works well in a woodland, native, pollinator or shade garden, where it has room to twine up supports or fences, otherwise, it will scramble along the ground. It can grow over and overwhelm landscape shrubs. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Clematis wilt, powdery mildew, leaf spots, rust, and viruses can be problematic. Potential insect pests include aphids, vine weevils, slugs/snails, scale and earwigs. Watch for spider mites. It self-seeds and can become weedy . VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for "Annuals, Perennials, Vines, and Groundcovers," a plant identification course developed in partnership with Longwood Gardens. More information on Clematis .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 64 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 6 - Vine (vertical)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Ground Cover; Native Plant; Perennial; Poisonous; Vine
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day) | Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasional Flooding
Available space
3 feet-6 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 15 ft. 0 in. - 20 ft. 0 in. | Width: 3 ft. 0 in. - 6 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
6 - Vine (vertical)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Climbing; Dense; Spreading
Texture
Fine
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Ovate
Leaf margin
Dentate
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Compound trifoliate green leaves with 3-5 toothed oval to elliptic leaflets are 4 inches long and 2 inches wide. Leaf petioles are 2 inches long and act like tendrils as the vine twines up supports. Undersides have hairs along the veins.
Flower color
White
Flower value
Fragrant; Showy
Flower form
Panicle
Flower shape
Cross; Saucer
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
Dioecious plants with fragrant 1 1/4" white flowers with four narrow sepal-like petals form in axillary panicles bloom from July to September. The blooms cover the whole plant including the foliage in many clusters arising from the leaf axils.
Bloom time
Fall
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Fruit type
Achene
Fruit detail
Female plants have brown plume-like feathery seed-heads that resemble an old man's beard. Fruit displays from August to October.
Stem color
Green; Purple/Lavender
Stem detail
Round to squarish stems are green to purplish with hairs
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Central & E. Canada to Central & E. U.S.A.
Wildlife value
Flowers attract hummingbirds and bees.
Attracts
Bees; Hummingbirds; Moths; Songbirds
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Achene

Uses (ethnobotany)

Aboriginals and Native Americans used this plant for medicinal purposes. An extract of the stems was used as a hallucinogen. The Cherokee used an infusion combined with milkweed for backache and as an ingredient in ceremonial green corn medicine. An infusion of the root was used for stomach trouble and nerves and also for kidney problems by the Cherokee and the Iroquois. The Iroquois also used an infusion of the roots to treat venereal disease sores.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Riparian; Vertical Spaces; Woodland
Landscape theme
Native Garden; Pollinator Garden; Shade Garden
Design feature
Screen/Privacy
Garden tags
#deciduous #fall flowers #white flowers #showy flowers #nectar plant #low maintenance #fall interest #native vine #hummingbird friendly #feathery fruits #fragrant flowers #deer resistant #native garden #self-seeding #poisonous #groundcover #fast growing #problem for cats #problem for dogs #problem for horses #food source herbage #food source hard mast fruit #Coastal FAC #Piedmont Mountains FAC #food source fall #bird friendly #Audubon #arbor #black walnut toxicity tolerant #easy to grow #larval host plant #wildlife friendly #NC native #NC Native Pollinator Plant #trellis #weedy #contact dermatitis #bat friendly #moth friendly
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Aphids on Ornamental Landscape Plants; Black Vine Weevil
Problems
Poisonous to Humans; Problem for Cats; Problem for Children; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses; Weedy
Resistant to
Black Walnut; Deer; Rabbits
Propagation
Layering; Seed; Stem Cutting
Poison severity
Medium
Poison parts
Flowers; Leaves; Sap/Juice
Poison symptoms
Clematis can cause severe mouth pain and ulcers if eaten. Toxic to dogs, cats, horses. Clinical signs are salivation, vomiting, diarrhea. In humans, symptoms may include dizziness, confusion, fainting, and convulsions. Fatalities are rare, due to the rapid and intense bitter taste and mouth irritation from eating. Gastric lavage is recommended and anti-inflammatory to soothe irritated tissue. Contact dermatitis results in skin redness and burning sensation for some people, gardening gloves are recommended.
Toxic principle
protoanemonin
Contact dermatitis
Yes
Toxicity summary
Medium severity poison; parts: Flowers; Leaves; Sap/Juice; contact dermatitis

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.