Students for Stewardship The Cork Board
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Arabian Coffee

Coffea arabica (KOFF-ee-uh a-RAB-ih-kuh)

Family: Rubiaceae Unknown Understory (15-40 ft)

The coffee plant is a small, broadleaf evergreen shrub or small tree in the coffee family (Rubiaceae) with an upright habit. It is native to Ethiopia but is grown worldwide in tropical climates as a crop. The genus name comes from the Arabic word kahwah, meaning beverage. The species epithet means of Arabia, which is a misnomer. The species is not native to the Arabian Peninsula. It can be grown as a houseplant in temperate climates in well-draining potting soil with bright light and high humidity. Indoor plants are usually kept at a height of 4 to 6 feet. If taken outdoors, the plant prefers some partial shade. Plant in organically rich-well drained soil, kept consistently moist but not soggy. Plants prefer daytime temperatures of 70 to 80°F and nighttime temperatures of 60 to 65°F. and leaf drop can occur at temperatures below 55°F. Indoors or outdoors, you should fertilize during the growing season. The coffee plant is economically important to many tropical and subtropical countries where it is commercially grown for its seeds (coffee beans). Three to four years after initial planting, small white fragrant blooms will appear from late spring to early summer. Fissured bark appears on older branches. The berries that result from the blossoms are harvested and processed into coffee beans. Most coffee plantations trim the plants to 6 feet for ease of harvest. The berries are picked by hand when ripe and de-pulped, with the extracted beans then dried in the sun before roasting and grinding to produce the popular beverage. As this plant is tropical, it can only be grown as a houseplant or conservatory plant. It can be placed outside during the summer months. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: Coffee plants are susceptible to scale, mealybug, thrips, caterpillars and mites.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 55 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Fills a similar niche Cordyline fruticosa Ilex x attenuata Foster Hybrid Group Salvia rosmarinus

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Edible; Shrub; Tree
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
6-feet-12 feet; 12-24 feet
Mature size
Height: 6 ft. 0 in. - 15 ft. 0 in. | Width: 6 ft. 0 in. - 15 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect; Multi-stemmed
Texture
Fine
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical
Leaf margin
Crenate
Leaf feel
Glossy; Smooth
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
1-3 inches long
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Glabrous, glossy, dark green leaves with prominent veins and wavy margins.
Flower color
White
Flower value
Fragrant; Showy
Flower shape
Star
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Fragrant (resembles the aroma of jasmine), star-shaped flowers that bloom May to June in axillary clusters of 2 to 9.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Gold/Yellow; Green; Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit value
Edible; Showy
Fruit detail
Green two-seeded berries that gradually mature to yellow, light red and finally deep red.
Bark color
Dark Gray
Bark detail
Fissured on older branches and trunk.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya
Distribution
Central America, Northern South America, Hawaii, Southeast Asia.
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit; Seeds
Harvest time
Fall; Winter
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

Fruits are edible, but seeds are what are usually dried, roasted and ground to make coffee. Coffee, of course, contains caffeine.

Uses (ethnobotany)

Coffee beans

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Patio
Landscape theme
Edible Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Border; Specimen
Garden tags
#broadleaf evergreen #houseplant #fragrant flowers #evergreen #white flowers #vibrant #cascading flowers #star shaped flowers #edible fruits #evergreen shrub #showy flowers #showy fruits #specimen #red fruits #small tree #exotic looking #winter interest #tropical feel #container plant #patio #hortcontest #shrub border
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Soft Scale Identification and Management on Ornamental Plants; Mealybugs
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.