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Artichoke Thistle

Cynara cardunculus (SIN-ah-rah kar-DUNK-yoo-lus)

Family: Asteraceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Native to the Mediterranean region, Cynara cardunculus grows as a perennial in locations that experience temperate climates, where the summers are cool and the winters mild. It was introduced to the US in the 1800's. Can be found growing in disturbed open sites, such as grassland, chaparral, coastal scrub and riparian areas. It has prickly, deeply cut, gray-green foliage and tall flower stalks topped with brilliant purple flowers. While it is a perennial, it is often grown as a half-hardy annual. Annual plants may not have enough time to grow before flowering, but the large, jagged leaves provide ornamental interest all of their own. The attractive foliage starts out silver, becoming a gray-green as they grow. They can reach lengths of up to 3'. As the leaves age, they can begin to lose their upright form. To keep a neat appearance, trim off the older leaves. Cardoons need rich, well-drained but moist soil and full sun to grow. They may go dormant in hot summers and will die back in winter. Mulch heavily to aid in winter survivability. Considered weedy in some areas. Be mindful of the spines along the stem, although spineless cultivars exist. The flowers can be cut or dried and, while edible, are not considered as suitable for eating as Scolymus Group artichokes. Instead, the young, emerging leaf stalks are blanched, harvested, cooked, and eaten as a vegetable. The above ground portion of the plant dies to the ground each year, but will regenerate itself from its large, deep taproot. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Diseases that may damage this plant include root rot, gray mold and powdery mildew. Insect problems include snails, slugs and aphids. In some locations, such as California, it has spread to form colonies, and is considered to be invasive. The large taproot must be removed to avoid new sprouting. Strong winds can damage this plant. VIDEO created by Andy Pulte for “Landscape Plant Identification, Taxonomy and Morphology” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 65 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Edible; Herbaceous Perennial; Vegetable
Life cycle
Annual; Perennial
USDA zones
7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
3 feet-6 feet
NC region
Coastal; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 6 ft. 0 in. | Width: 2 ft. 0 in. - 3 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping; Columnar; Erect
Texture
Coarse
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Gray/Silver; Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate; Rosulate
Leaf margin
Lobed; Serrate
Leaf feel
Prickly
Leaf value
Edible; Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, > 6 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Deeply cut, gray-green foliage with sharp prickles. The upper side of the leaves is slightly hairy. The underside is covered with dense hairs that resemble wool.
Flower color
Purple/Lavender
Flower value
Edible; Good Cut; Good Dried; Showy
Flower form
Head; Solitary
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
Large, spiky, thistle-like flowers on tall stalks that bloom to bright purple. Edible like an artichoke, although of lesser quality.
Bloom time
Fall; Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; White
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
White to brown cylindrical fruits with numerous bristles are attached at the base.
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
The stems are leafy, erect and branched. Covered in small, sharp prickles. Cultivars exist with smooth stems.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Europe, Africa
Wildlife value
Flowers are attractive to pollinators as well as birds.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Pollinators
Play value
Attractive Flowers; Attracts Pollinators; Textural; Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Leaves; Roots
Harvest time
Fall

Edibility

Leaf stalks are blanched, harvested, and cooked as a vegetable. Roots may also be cooked and eaten.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Patio
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Cutting Garden; Edible Garden; Pollinator Garden
Design feature
Accent; Border; Small groups; Specimen
Garden tags
#vegetable #edible garden #container vegetable garden #purple #vegetable garden #full sun tolerant #purple flowers #small spaces #butterfly friendly #bee friendly #container plant #pollinator plant #rabbit resistant #showy leaves #herbaceous #cutting garden #showy flowers #herbaceous perennial #dried arrangements #deer resistant #shade intolerant #landscape plant sleuths course #perennial #annual #perennial vegetables #hortcontest #edible #poor soil tolerant
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Slugs & Snails on Ornamental Plants; Slugs and Snails Found on Flowers and Foliage; Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables
Problems
Invasive Species; Spines/Thorns; Weedy
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Dry Soil; Poor Soil; Rabbits
Propagation
Division; Root Cutting; Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.