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Bermudagrass

Cynodon (sy-NO-don)

Family: Poaceae Non-native Groundcover (<1 ft)

Bermudagrass is Cynodon dactylon or, more commonly in North Carolina, the hybrid between C. dactylon and C. transvaalensis. It is a warm-season, perennial turfgrass, although it can also be considered a perennial weed when found growing in locations where it is unwanted. Bermudagrass is a mat-forming, medium- to fine-textured grass that is suitable for lawns and public areas. Bermudagrass spreads by rhizomes, stolons, and seeds (except hybrids) and tolerates a wide range of soil types and pH ranging from 5.0-8.5. Be very wary of introducing this turfgrass to your garden . Once it is established, it will spread vigorously and uncontrollably and cannot be removed without resorting to repeated applications of herbicides. Bermudagrass grows best in average, dry to medium, well-drained soil in full sun and warm temperatures. It does not grow well under low light (shaded) conditions but does tolerate heat and drought. To maintain it as a turfgrass, mow regularly to a height of 3/4 inch to 2 inches tall, fertilize during the growing season (May to August), and use soil barriers to slow its spread into adjacent areas. Some winter kill is to be expected when winter temperatures dip below 10 degrees F. It needs regular dethatching if heavily fertilized. Hybrid bermudagrass cultivars must be propagated vegetatively; seeded cultivars can be propagated by seeds or by vegetative means. Bermudagrass is widely used on athletic fields and golf course fairways due to its high tolerance for heavy traffic and rapid recovery time. In other settings, it is considered a very invasive and difficult-to-control weed. Refer to TurfFiles for cultural and chemical management. If you must grow it, refer to " Caring for Your Lawn and the Environment " for guidelines on fertilizing and mowing. Diseases, Insects, and Other Plant Problems: No serious insect or disease problems. White grubs are the most common insect problem. Additional insects of concern include sod webworms, cutworms, armyworms, nematodes and mole crickets. Watch for mites. With its high production of pollen, it can be a major cause of hay fever. The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common southern lawn diseases.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 42 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 5 - Groundcover (<1 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Stenotaphrum secundatum

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Turfgrass; Weed
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
NC region
Coastal; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 0 ft. 3 in. - 0 ft. 6 in. | Width: 0 ft. 3 in. - 0 ft. 6 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
High; Medium
Canopy layer
5 - Groundcover (<1 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Creeping; Dense; Spreading
Texture
Medium
Leaf color
Gray/Silver; Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf margin
Dentate; Entire
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Leaf-blades flat, or conduplicate; from less than 1 inch to 5 inches long; 1/10 of an inch wide; glaucous; smooth or sparsely hairy.
Flower form
Raceme
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Temperate and Subtropical Old World to Australia
Wildlife value
Host plant for Southern Skipperling, but the caterpillars rarely causes noticeable damage to lawns.
Food & Medicine

Uses (ethnobotany)

Used as turf grass for athletic fields, golf courses and home lawns, invasive weed in other turfgrasses.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Lawn; Recreational Play Area
Garden tags
#fast growing #drought tolerant #perennial weed #high maintenance #warm-season grass #turfgrass #lawn planting #larval host plant #butterfly caterpillar host #skipper butterflies #cpp #invasive #weedy
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
White Grubs in Turf; Sod Webworms in Turf; Cutworms in Turf; Fall Armyworms in Turf; Wireworms in Turf; Green June Beetles in Turfgrass
Other problems
Organic Lawn Care: A Guide to Organic Lawn Maintenance and Pest Management for North Carolina
Problems
Invasive Species; Weedy
Resistant to
Drought; Foot Traffic
Propagation
Division; Seed; Stem Cutting

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.