Students for Stewardship The Cork Board
← Back to the library

Bracted Green Orchid

Dactylorhiza viridis (dak-ty-lor-RY-zuh VEER-ih-diss veer-ES-enz)

Family: Orchidaceae Native Herbaceous

Long-bract frog orchid is an erect, native, flowering perennial found in the United States, Canada, China, Japan, and Korea. This orchid grows in coniferous and hardwood forests, tundra, prairies, meadows, thickets, coastal heaths, and bogs in shallow, moist areas that are wet in springtime. This plant grows 4 to 20 inches tall, has a smooth green stem and fleshy roots. Its leaves are green, obovate to lanceolate, and the flowers are displayed as green, spike-like, terminal racemes. It is a member of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The genus name, Dactylorhiza , is derived from two Greek words: dactyl , meaning "finger," and rhiza, meaning "root." This refers to the plant's root system, which looks like finger-like tubers. The specific epithet, viridis , is Latin for "green." The variation name, virescens , means "becoming green." Prefers partial shade, moist soils, and cool temperatures of coniferous forests. It is thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 3 to 7, and may be found in the higher elevations of North Carolina. This is an unusual orchid, but it can be easily recognized by its long, green, sharp, pointed bracts at the base of each flower. Its flower also has a long, lower lip with a small central lobe and two other more prominent lobes, and a pouch-like spur at the base of the lower lip. It is not recommended for home landscapes and is extremely rare in North Carolina. It is also reportedly rare in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Unknown

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 46 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Native Plant; Wildflower
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b
Light
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Frequent Standing Water | Moist | Occasionally Wet
NC region
Mountains
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous
Form & Appearance
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Lanceolate; Oblanceolate; Obovate; Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The green leaves are alternate, obovate to lanceolate, glabrous, measuring 2 to 5 inches long and 1.5 to 2.5 inches wide with entire margins. There are usually 2 to 6 leaves per stem. They are sessile, and the base of the leaf sheaths around the stem. The largest leaves occur along the middle of the stem, becoming smaller further up the stem.
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; Green
Flower form
Raceme; Spike
Flower shape
Lipped
Flower detail
The flowers are green, but occasionally tinged with purple, red, or brown. They are displayed as spike-like, terminal racemes with many flowers. The flowers have upper and lateral sepals that form a hood, linear petals, an oblong lip, and a pouch-like spur. The flowers are 2/3 inches long. The leaf-like bracts are prominent and lanceolate to linear-shaped. Typically blooms from late spring to summer.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The fruits are erect, oval, ribbed capsules, up to 0.5 inches by 0.25 inches in size.
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
The stems are green, unbranched, and smooth.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Russian Far East to Japan, North America
Distribution
Native--United States: AK, CO, CT, ID, IL, IN, IA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MO, MT, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, PA, RI, SD, TN, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, and WY. Canada: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, and Yukon. Aleutian Islands, China North-Central, Japan, Korea, Manchuria, and Primorye.
Wildlife value
This orchid is pollinated by wasps and small beetles.
Food & Medicine
Fruit type
Capsule

Uses (ethnobotany)

Used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Woodland
Garden tags
#endangered #orchid #moist soil #green flowers #deciduous #rare #NC native #wet soils tolerant #native orchid #boggy sites #NC Native Pollinator Plant #woodland #wildflower #wetland #perennial #erect #herbaceous perennial #tuberous #bracts
Problems & Resistance
Resistant to
Wet Soil
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.