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Daphne

Daphne mezereum (DAF-nee meh-zer-EE-um)

Family: Thymelaeaceae Non-native Shrub (3-15 ft)

Spurge laurel is a small deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub in the Thymelaeaceae. It is native to central and eastern Europe, Turkey, and Iran. The common name February daphne comes from the fact that it flowers in the late winter. This small upright shrub typically grows to a height and width of 3 to 5 feet. Plant it in a cool partially shady to full shade location, with protection from the wind. Full sun will scorch the leaves. It prefers moist organically rich sandy alkaline soils. The shiny green leaves alternate, and simple. The flowers very fragrant, lilac to rose-purple or white with two or three per cluster and developing before the leaves. The fruits are clustered at the stems starting out green and turn a red or yellow. It is resistant to browsing by rabbits and can be planted near black walnut trees. Use them as informal hedge or place them an a location where there sweet-fragranced flowers can be enjoyed. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: They are susceptible to viruses and botrytis. It can be difficult to grow especially with southern hot summers.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 58 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 3 - Shrub (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Alkaline (>8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Daphne pseudomezereum
Fills a similar niche Hydrangea quercifolia Rhododendron indicum Rhododendron yedoense f. poukhanense

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Poisonous; Shrub
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b
Light
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter; Sand
Soil pH
Alkaline (>8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
3 feet-6 feet
NC region
Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 5 ft. 0 in. | Width: 3 ft. 0 in. - 5 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
3 - Shrub (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Rounded
Foliage
Deciduous; Semi-evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Whorled
Leaf shape
Oblanceolate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Simple, spirally arranged on the stem, dark green oblaceolate leaves are 3 1/2" long and 1/2" wide.
Flower color
Pink; Purple/Lavender; White
Flower value
Fragrant; Showy
Flower detail
Flowers very fragrant, lilac to rose-purple or white four petals, 2-4 per stalkless cluster and emerge on stems before the leaves
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Gold/Yellow; Green; Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Drupe
Fruit size
< 1 inch long
Fruit detail
3/8" long green ripening to red or yellow in June clustered close to the stem.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Europe to Northern Iran
Wildlife value
Birds enjoy the fruits.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Songbirds
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Summer
Fruit type
Drupe
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Cottage Garden; Shade Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Border; Hedge; Small groups; Specimen
Garden tags
#poisonous #black walnut toxicity tolerant #rabbit resistant #showy flowers #naturalizes #wind damage prone #specimen #contact dermatitis #difficult to grow #pink flowers #fragrant flowers #bird friendly #hedge #poisonous if ingested #shrub border #small groups
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Contact Dermatitis; Poisonous to Humans
Resistant to
Black Walnut; Rabbits
Poison severity
High
Poison parts
Bark; Fruits; Leaves; Sap/Juice
Poison symptoms
All parts of the plant are highly toxic, may be fatal if eaten. Skin irrigation minor or lasting only for a few minutes. Swelling of lips and tongue, thirst, difficulty of swallowing, nausea, vomiting, internal bleeding with bloody diarrhea, weakness, and coma; skin irritation with blisters upon contact with leaves.
Toxic principle
Diterpenoid (mezerein), daphnin
Contact dermatitis
Yes
Toxicity summary
High severity poison; parts: Bark; Fruits; Leaves; Sap/Juice; contact dermatitis

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.