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Carnation

Dianthus (dy-AN-thus)

Family: Caryophyllaceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

The Dianthus genus includes over 27,000 registered cultivar names. They are grown as annuals, biennials and evergreen perennials. Flowers are 5-parted, fragrant, pink-lilac, pink-purple or white, often with picotee margins. The common name of 'pinks' does not refer to the color, but to the fringed or frilly edging which looks like it was trimmed with 'pinking shears'. Dianthus should be planted in full sun but can tolerate some shade. Well-drained soil and good air circulation are necessary to avoid root rot and fungal diseases. Dianthus will grow in different soil types, preferring neutral to slightly alkaline soil, but can tolerate some acidity. The petals of the Dianthus flowers are edible when grown organically, and often crystallized with sugar and used for decorating cakes. However, the leaves can cause mild gastrointestinal distress if eaten and mild dermatitis in some sensitive individuals. This plant is resistant to damage by deer but will be eaten by rabbits. It is sometimes offered as a potted florist plant.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 65 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Fills a similar niche Dianthus chinensis Dianthus chinensis x barbatus Salvia rosmarinus

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Edible; Ground Cover; Herbaceous Perennial; Poisonous
Life cycle
Annual; Biennial; Perennial
USDA zones
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Occasionally Dry
Available space
Less than 12 inches; 12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 0 ft. 4 in. - 3 ft. 0 in. | Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Cascading; Clumping; Erect; Mounding; Rounded; Spreading
Texture
Medium
Leaf color
Gray/Silver; Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Acicular; Lanceolate; Linear; Oblanceolate; Oblong
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Waxy
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Narrow leaves that are 2-3" long, often glaucous grey-green or blue-green, pinnate venation. Often found as parallel pairs on nodes at right angles to each other on the stem.
Fall color
Insignificant
Flower color
Pink; Purple/Lavender; Red/Burgundy; Variegated; White
Flower value
Edible; Fragrant; Good Cut; Showy
Flower form
Cyme; Head
Flower shape
Wheel
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
The flower has five petals that are flattened and may be found as densely clustered flower heads, open cymes, and rarely as a solitary flower. They are usually self-sterile, requiring pollen from another plant for fertilization.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit detail
cylindric, or rarely ovoid, releasing seeds by 4 teeth or valves.
Stem color
Gray/Silver; Green
Stem detail
terete or angular, articulated, dilated at nodes
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Eurasia, southern Africa
Wildlife value
Attracts butterflies and other insect pollinators.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Pollinators
Food & Medicine
Fruit type
Capsule

Edibility

Petals are edible (when free of pesticide and herbicide residues)

Uses (ethnobotany)

Carnation petals have been used to make the French liqueur Chartreuse. Crystallized petals are used for decorating cakes, fresh petals can be used in salads. The bitter petal base is not edible. The leaves should not be eaten as they are mildly toxic.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Patio; Rock Wall; Slope/Bank; Small Space; Walkways
Landscape theme
Asian Garden; Cottage Garden; Cutting Garden; Drought Tolerant Garden; Edible Garden
Design feature
Border; Foundation Planting; Mass Planting; Small groups
Garden tags
#poisonous #purple #edible garden #spring interest #drought tolerant #well-drained soil #pollinator plant #dry soils tolerant #Asian garden #spreading #cottage garden #showy flowers #butterfly friendly #fringed flowers #neutral pH #edible flowers #urban conditions tolerant #deer resistant #fragrant flowers #small spaces #rock garden #border planting #summer flowers #pink flowers #HS302 #problem for dogs #problem for horses #problem for cats #Guilford Crevice Garden #full sun tolerant #bee friendly #container plant #white flowers #cutting garden #perennial #annual #patio #cpp #rabbit resistant #hortcontest
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Poisonous to Humans; Problem for Cats; Problem for Children; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Dry Soil; Pollution; Rabbits; Urban Conditions
Particularly resistant to
Deer and rabbit resistant
Propagation
Division; Layering; Seed; Stem Cutting
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Leaves
Poison symptoms
Dermatitis, vomiting
Toxic principle
Triterpenoid saponins
Contact dermatitis
Yes
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Leaves; contact dermatitis

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.