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Dieffenbachia

Dieffenbachia seguine (dee-fen-BAH-kee-ah seg-WE-neh)

Family: Araceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Dieffenbachia is an erect, broadleaf evergreen perennial in the Araceae family that is native to Central and South America. The large, shiny, green leaves are variegated in a variety of patterns of patches or blotches in colors of cream, white, or yellow. It grows from 3 to 8 feet tall and 2 to 3 feet wide and is scarcely branched. It is a popular houseplant and is grown for its ornamental foliage. It rarely develops flowers or fruits as a houseplant. The genus name, Dieffenbachia, is in honor of J.F. Dieffenbach, who was in charge of the royal palace gardens in Vienna in the 1830s. Plants formerly designed as D. amoena , D. maculata , and D. picta are now placed in D. seguine. The common name, dumbcane, refers to the numbing and paralyzing effects of the sap of this plant on the vocal cords of humans and pets if it is ingested. This plant prefers loose, fertile, high organic soil and indirect light, moderate temperatures, and high humidity. Water the plant thoroughly and allow the top 1-inch surface of the soil to dry completely before watering the plant again. This will help prevent root rot. It needs to be protected from cold drafts and direct sunlight. Propagate by division or stem/root cuttings. Although Dieffenbachia is grown as a houseplant, it can be toxic for pets and children. Be alert for toddlers and pets that might eat or chew on the leaves. Always make sure to wash your hands after handling this plant and keep your hands away from your eyes and mouth. This plant has an exotic appeal and has wonderfully shaped rich green leaves with brush strokes of cream, yellow, and white which enhance the shape of the leaves. This plant will stand out and brighten the dark corners of your home. Quick ID Hints : leaf is elliptic-oblong, blotched with cream main lateral veins number more than 8 (usually 20) stem is present on older specimens distinguishable usually from Aglaonema species by counting obvious lateral veins- Aglaonemas usually have 5-8 main veins whereas Dieffenbachias have more than 8 (usually around 20-30). distinguishable from Spathiphyllum by the presence of an aerial, cane-like stem. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Monitor for spider mites, scale, whiteflies, fungus gnats, and aphids. Potential diseases include fungal leaf spot, root rot, and blight. Wear gloves when handling this plant to prevent skin irritation or contact dermatitis.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 56 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Aglaonema Anthurium Spathiphyllum

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Houseplant; Poisonous
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
Light
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
Mature size
Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 8 ft. 0 in. | Width: 2 ft. 0 in. - 3 ft. 0 in.
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect
Texture
Medium
Leaf color
Cream/Tan; Gold/Yellow; Green; Variegated; White
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Cordate; Elliptical; Lanceolate; Oblong
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf value
Long-lasting; Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, 3-6 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Leaves alternate, simple, large, mottled with white, yellowish, and different shades of green. Oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, rotund to cordate, entire, medium green marked with ivory white blotches or markings; lateral veins numerous; petiole sheathing.
Flower color
Green; Insignificant; White
Flower form
Spadix
Flower detail
A white spadix and pale green to white spathe; convolute, boat-shaped, shorter than tube; peduncle long. Rarely flowers.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Green; Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Drupe
Fruit detail
Green drupes that ripen to red, rarely develop.
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
Stout, fleshy, encircled by leaf scars, bearing leaves toward apex, few or no branching.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Caribbean to South Tropical America
Distribution
Native: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, and Venezuelan Antilles; Introduced: Bangladesh, Borneo, Cook Islands, Malaya, Mexico, Seychelles, Society Islands
Food & Medicine
Fruit type
Drupe
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Houseplants
Garden tags
#houseplant #showy leaves #exotic looking #fantz #problem for cats #problem for children #problem for dogs #problem for horses #tropical feel #spadix #container plant #white flowers #cream flowers #perennial #variegated #humidity tolerant #interesting leaves #contact dermatitis #poisonous if ingested #interiorscape #large leaves #hortcontest #fpp
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Brown Soft Scale; Aphids on Ornamental Landscape Plants; Fungus Gnats Indoors; Greenhouse Whitefly; Armored Scale Identification and Management on Ornamental Plants
Problems
Contact Dermatitis; Poisonous to Humans; Problem for Cats; Problem for Children; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses
Resistant to
Drought; Heavy Shade
Particularly resistant to
High humidity
Propagation
Division; Root Cutting; Stem Cutting
Poison severity
High
Poison parts
Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Stems
Poison symptoms
Burning and swelling of the lips, tongue, and throat due to needle-like crystals becoming embedded in the mouth and throat. Difficulty in speaking and swallowing; nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. Skin irritation if exposed to cell sap. Sap exposure to the eyes can result in damage to the cornea. It may be fatal to pets and livestock.
Toxic principle
Calcium oxalate crystals, oxalic acid
Contact dermatitis
Yes
Toxicity summary
High severity poison; parts: Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Stems; contact dermatitis

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.