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Japanese Maple

Acer palmatum (AY-ser pahl-MAY-tum)

Family: Sapindaceae Non-native Understory (15-40 ft)

The Japanese maple is a short tree in the maple family (Sapindaceae), native to southeast Korea and central and south Japan, and noted for having many aesthetically pleasing forms. Weeping as well as upright varieties exist, and the species is well noted for its beautiful deep red and orange summer color that deepens into the fall. Acer is Latin for sharp and palmatum means shaped like a hand, referring to the leaves. Growth is slow to moderate, and the tree assumes a layered look with a low, dense, rounded top and spreading branches. The texture is medium to fine. Plant in dappled shade and evenly moist, well-drained soil, protecting it from drying winds. Leaves are 2 to 5 inches, opposite, and simple with five to nine lobes. Most are deeply lobed. Color varies from green during summer to yellow, bronze, purple, and red in fall (color varies with cultivar). Some cultivars have colorful twigs and young branches. This is a prized specimen tree and one of the more versatile maple species for landscape use. Young leaves of this species are sensitive to frost and are not drought tolerant. Most cultivars are grafted and can be grown as a single or multi-stemmed small tree. They may suffer leaf scorch with excess sun, wind, or drought. This tree is mildly resistant to damage by deer. Use it as a woodland understory tree or as an accent or specimen tree along a walkway in an Asian or children’s garden. Quick ID Hints: Serrated leaves with five to nine lobes Leaves concolorous, green to red Small deciduous tree to 25 feet Slender green to red twigs; often glaucous bloom Small, green buds hidden by petiole base; terminal bud often doubled For weeping varieties, see Acer palmatum 'dissectum.' Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Aphids, scale, maple worms, leafrollers, and leafhoppers are occasional pests. Anthracnose, leaf scorch, and frost damage, especially from late frosts, can occur. It self-seeds easily so can spread and become weedy in the landscape. The Mid-Atlantic Pest Council lists it as invasive in VA and DC. See potential insect and disease problem fact sheets to the left. The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common maple diseases and insect pests. VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for "Trees, Shrubs and Conifers," a plant identification course developed in partnership with Longwood Gardens. More information on Acer .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 62 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Acer japonicum Acer japonicum 'Aconitifolium' Acer shirasawanum Acer sieboldianum Hibiscus acetosella
Fills a similar niche Acer rubrum Acer saccharum Cornus florida

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial; Shrub; Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Mature size
Height: 15 ft. 0 in. - 25 ft. 0 in. | Width: 10 ft. 0 in. - 25 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Broad; Dense; Rounded; Spreading
Texture
Fine
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Gold/Yellow; Green; Purple/Lavender
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Palmasect
Leaf margin
Lobed; Serrate
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
3-6 inches long
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Leaves are 2 to 5 in., opposite, and simple with 5 to 9 lobes. Most are deeply lobed. Their color varies from green during summer to yellow, bronze, purple to red fall color (however, color varies with cultivar).
Fall color
Gold/Yellow; Purple/Lavender; Red/Burgundy
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; Purple/Lavender; Red/Burgundy
Flower detail
Flowers are small and red to purple. They are attractive if viewed closely but insignificant from a distance.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Samara; Schizocarp
Fruit detail
A schizocarp of two samaras, wings incurved forming an arch, becoming reddish.
Bark color
Green; Light Gray; Orange; Red/Burgundy
Bark detail
Young stems vary from green to polished reddish brown. Older branches assume a gray cast.
Stem color
Brown/Copper; Green; Orange; Pink; Red/Burgundy
Stem detail
Glabrous, slender, usually green to red. Tremendous variation in stem color with green leaf trees green to reddish purple, red leaf trees often bright red to blood red to reddish purple. Exceptions arise. Frequently double terminal buds hidden by the base of the petiole.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Asia: Japan, China, Korea, eastern Mongolia, southeastern Russia
Wildlife value
Members of the genus Acer support Imperial Moth (Eacles imperialis) larvae which have one brood per season and appear from April-October in the south. Adult Imperial Moths do not feed. Small song birds are attracted to this plant.
Attracts
Moths; Pollinators; Songbirds
Play value
Attracts Pollinators; Pieces Used in Games; Sound; Wildlife Food Source; Wind Shimmer
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Samara; Schizocarp
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Recreational Play Area; Walkways; Woodland
Landscape theme
Asian Garden; Children's Garden; Nighttime Garden; Pollinator Garden
Design feature
Accent; Specimen; Understory Tree
Garden tags
#tsc #deciduous #bonsai #shrub #red leaves #dappled shade #yellow leaves #purple leaves #understory tree #children's garden #bird friendly #deer resistant #tsc-t #imperial moth #larval host plant #nighttime garden #slow growing #mccarthy memorial garden #samaras #fall interest #deciduous tree #playground plant #red fruits #self-seeding #pollinator plant #landscape plant sleuths course #wildlife friendly #th-sight #copper leaves #cpp #woodland #HS111 #HS304 #illustration #bronze #fpp
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Japanese Maple Scale, Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell), Hemiptera: Diaspididae; Aphids on Ornamental Landscape Plants; Maple Pest Management Calendar; Japanese Maple Leafhopper; Common Insect Pests of Maple in North Carolina
Disease problems
Common Disease Pests of Maple in North Carolina
Problems
Weedy
Resistant to
Deer; Drought
Particularly resistant to
This tree is mildly resistant to damage by deer.
Propagation
Grafting

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.