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Sand Spikerush

Eleocharis montevidensis (el-ee-OK-ar-iss mon-tay-vid-EN-sis)

Family: Cyperaceae Native

Spike rush is a widespread coastal plant in the Cyperaceae (sedge) family native to the USA. It grows in moist, sandy spots in various habitat locations as lakes, riverbanks, wet meadows, woodlands, and springs. It grows quickly to a height of 6 to 18 inches in erect clumps. Spike rush prefers full sun to partial shade and wet sandy soils. It withstands being submerged in water. The leaves are thin and hair-like, giving it a fine texture, and the flower spikes resemble small cones. This plant can be propagated by root division or seed. All parts of the plant are eaten by many species of waterfowl and shorebirds. Use in small groups or mass planted along pond margins, rain gardens, or wet sites in the landscape. Spike rush can be grown in a 1 to 2 gallon pot covered with 1 to 2 inches of water. It is also used in water gardens and aquariums. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: It can spread aggressively by rhizomes and seeds.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 52 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Native Plant; Water Plant
Life cycle
Perennial
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Frequent Standing Water | Moist | Occasional Flooding | Occasionally Wet
NC region
Coastal
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Medium
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Erect; Spreading
Texture
Fine
Leaf color
Brown/Copper; Green; Purple/Lavender; Red/Burgundy
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Grass or hair-like leaves that are red or purple at the base and green on the upper leaves up to 20 inches tall.
Flower color
Brown/Copper; Red/Burgundy
Flower form
Insignificant; Spike
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Rounded reddish spikelets resembling cones at tips of stems April- Aug. have several tiny flowers covered in brownish bracts
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Fruit type
Achene
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Oval achenes are oval and brown
Stem color
Green; Red/Burgundy
Stem detail
Round green stems with reddish bases
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Central & S. U.S.A., S. America
Distribution
AL , AZ , CA , CO , FL , GA , KS , LA , MS , NC , NM , OK , SC , TX
Wildlife value
Provides food for waterfowl and shorebirds. Serves as a host plant for Yellow-Collared Scape Moth and Thopeulis forbesellus.
Play value
Wildlife Cover/Habitat; Wildlife Food Source; Wildlife Larval Host
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall; Summer
Fruit type
Achene
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Pond; Riparian
Landscape theme
Native Garden; Rain Garden; Water Garden
Design feature
Mass Planting; Small groups
Garden tags
#NC native #sandy soils tolerant #stream banks #marshes #full sun tolerant #coastal plant #waterfowl #wet soils tolerant #aggressive #flood tolerant #native water plant #naturalized area #bird friendly #water garden #mass planting #rain garden #fast growing #drought intolerant #groundcover #host plant #meadow #weedy #freshwater #pond #small groups
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Weedy
Resistant to
Wet Soil
Propagation
Division; Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.