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Easter Tree

Forsythia (for-SITH-ee-ah)

Family: Oleaceae Non-native Shrub (3-15 ft)

Forsythia is a genus of 11 accepted species of flowering, deciduous, perennial shrubs native to China, Japan, and southeast Europe. It is a member of the olive family (Oleaceae). The genus is named for William Forsyth (1737–1804), who was the Scottish superintendent of the Royal Gardens of Kensington Palace and author of A Treatise on the Culture and Management of Fruit Trees , which in its day was probably the most widely read work on the subject. Forsythia is easy to grow and does best in loose, medium moisture, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Plants in full sun will produce more flowers earlier in the spring than plants in partial shade. Forsythia is a forgiving plant and tolerates average to poor garden soils, urban conditions, and drought. The shrub is winter hardy, but colder winters and temperatures below -5 degrees Farenheit may retard flower development. Forsythia can tend to grow wildly, but it can be pruned to keep the shrub's growth under control. Flowers appear on old growth, so pruning should be done immediately after spring flowering. If you prune it after mid-July, you will likely remove flower buds for the following spring. To rejuvenate an older plant, you can cut it back almost ground level. The plant can be propagated by rooting stem cuttings and some cultivars may sucker. Long branches that touch the ground may layer; these can be cut from the parent plant when they have sufficient roots. Depending on the species, the mature height of a forsythia shrub ranges from 3 to 10 feet and all species produce beautiful yellow flowers in early spring. The flowers are produced on long, arching, stems before the plants leaf out. They are one of the earliest flowers to appear in spring. Stems and flowers are often cut and brought indoors to show that winter will soon be over. Forsythia flowers are heterostylous (long-style morphs mate with short-style morphs) and are thus self-sterile. Characteristics of the pith are important in distinguishing the species. Forsythia is adaptable to many garden designs and themes, including but not limited to Asian, children’s, cottage, and winter gardens. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: No known diseases or insect pests. Some species of forsythia are susceptible to leaf spot or crown gall.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 54 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 3 - Shrub (3-15 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Abeliophyllum distichum
Fills a similar niche Forsythia suspensa Forsythia viridissima Forsythia x intermedia

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial; Shrub
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 10 ft. 0 in. | Width: 4 ft. 0 in. - 7 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
3 - Shrub (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Arching; Erect; Multi-stemmed; Spreading
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Lanceolate; Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire; Serrate
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Leaves are opposite and, depending on species, simple or divided to trifoliolate, entire or serrate, ovate to lanceolate
Flower color
Gold/Yellow
Flower value
Good Cut; Showy
Flower shape
Trumpet
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
Yellow flowers appear before foliage in February or March and last through April or May. Flowers are deeply four-lobed with petals joined only at the base. These become pendent in rainy weather shielding the reproductive parts.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit detail
Two celled capsule with many winged seeds.
Bark color
Light Brown; Light Gray
Bark detail
Rough, grey-brown, bark.
Stem detail
Pith may be absent, chambered (lamellate) or continuous.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
China, Japan, and southeastern Europe (Yugoslavia & Albania)
Distribution
Introduced to Spain, Central Europe, and various parts of the United States.
Play value
Colorful; Screening
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Flowers
Harvest time
Fall; Summer
Fruit type
Capsule

Edibility

Only the flowers are edible

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Lawn; Meadow
Landscape theme
Asian Garden; Children's Garden; Cottage Garden; Cutting Garden
Design feature
Barrier; Hedge; Screen/Privacy
Garden tags
#flowering shrub #yellow flowers #deciduous shrub #deciduous #shrub #edible flowers #non-toxic for cats #non-toxic for horses #non-toxic for dogs #perennial #pruning tolerant #spring flowers #hortcontest
Problems & Resistance
Disease problems
Southern Blight of Herbaceous Ornamentals
Resistant to
Black Walnut; Compaction; Deer; Diseases; Drought; Insect Pests; Pollution; Poor Soil; Urban Conditions
Propagation
Layering; Stem Cutting

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.