Students for Stewardship The Cork Board
← Back to the library

Japanese Raisintree

Hovenia dulcis (ho-VEN-ee-uh DUL-sis)

Family: Rhamnaceae Non-native Understory

The Japanesse raison tree is a desiduous flowering tree or shrub in the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) native to eastern China and Korea. Thegenus name dulcis translates to sweet in reference to it fleshy fruit stalks. This tree is considered invasive in Tx and is naturalizing in NC and VA. It is listed as invasive in several South American countries. It can form dense stands that outcompete natives and disrupt ecosystems. Although able to reach heights of up to 50', this tree typically grows to approximately 30' in height in cultivation, with an upright oval to rounded outline spreading 20 feet. It grows best in full sun to partial shade and a sandy loam but is adaptable to other soils. This tree casts light shade and has gray to gray-brown bark. It has fragrant flowers that are insignificant in the summer. Its stalk elongates and becomes swollen, red and edible after being subjected to frost. At that time, they are edible and have a sweet flavor. Trees do not flower until they reach the age of 3 to 4 years old. The edible fruit has a taste and texture similar to raisins. It is referred to as a fruit, but is actually a swollen receptacle. Each pea-sized fruit contains 3 seeds, which are not likely to ripen in cultivation. They are also fragrant. An extract from the seed, as well as young leaves is used as a honey substitute. Consider planting native trees. See some suggestions to the left. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No serious insect or disease issues. Messy fruits

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 64 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Similar, less problematic Amelanchier arborea

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day) | Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
more than 60 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
2 - Understory
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Ascending; Erect; Open; Oval; Rounded
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Cordate; Elliptical; Ovate
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf feel
Glossy
Leaf value
Edible; Fragrant; Showy
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Its glossy, green leaves are 4-6" long. They may turn yellow before dropping in the fall, but falling green leaves is not uncommon.
Fall color
Gold/Yellow
Flower color
Green; White
Flower value
Edible; Fragrant
Flower form
Cyme; Insignificant
Flower shape
Star
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
The tiny, inconspicuous, cream-colored flowers form in clusters in early summer. The flowers are attractive to insects.
Bloom time
Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Capsule; Drupe
Fruit value
Edible; Fragrant; Showy
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Fleshy, red, edible seed capsules can be eaten both raw and cooked. They can cause a litter problem.
Bark color
Dark Gray; Light Gray
Bark detail
Gray to gray-brown
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
East Asia, China and the Himalayas
Wildlife value
Birds are attracted to the fruits.
Attracts
Bees
Play value
Attractive Flowers; Edible fruit; Fragrance; Shade
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Capsule; Drupe

Edibility

Its fruits are edible, often used as a sweetener.

Uses (ethnobotany)

The hard and finely grained wood from this tree is used in furniture manufacturing.

Landscape Use
Garden tags
#deciduous #shade tree #fragrant flowers #showy fruits #edible #shade intolerant #edible fruits #deciduous tree #broadleaf #frost tolerant #messy fruits #messy #heat intolerant #weedy #invasive #high maintenance
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Messy
Resistant to
Diseases; Insect Pests
Propagation
Seed; Stem Cutting

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.