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Golden Seal

Hydrastis canadensis (hy-DRASS-tiss kan-ah-DEN-sis)

Family: Ranunculaceae Native Herbaceous (1-3 ft)

Hydrastis canadensis, or golden seal, is a perennial herb from a thick rhizome with yellowish cell sap. It has two leaves, near the top of an unbranched stalk, that are 3- to 7-lobed. The flower is solitary, with many greenish-yellow to greenish-white stamens and pistils and no petals. The inedible fruit is berry-like, crimson. The plant has been cultivated commercially on a small scale in the mountains as a medicinal plant due to use of the rootstock as a digestive aid, insect repellent and yellow dye. It has been listed as endangered or of special concern in North Carolina. Habitat: Mesic (rarely drier), very nutrient-rich forests, with circumneutral soils, over calcareous or mafic rocks such as limestone, amphibolite, and dolostone, sometimes forming large colonies after canopy disturbance such as logging

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 52 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Native Plant; Poisonous; Wildflower
Life cycle
Bulb; Perennial
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
NC region
Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 0 ft. 9 in. - 1 ft. 0 in. | Width: 0 ft. 9 in. - 1 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping
Texture
Coarse
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Leaf shape
Palmasect
Leaf margin
Lobed; Serrate
Leaf feel
Rough
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, > 6 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
2 leaves, near top of unbranched stem, 3- to 7-lobed and toothed
Flower color
Insignificant; White
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Solitary, with many stamens and pistils and no petals. White flowers bloom from April to May.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit detail
Red fruit displays from June to August.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Eastern North America
Wildlife value
This plant attracts birds, bees, flies, and squirrels.
Attracts
Bees; Songbirds
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Summer
Fruit type
Berry

Uses (ethnobotany)

Rootstock was used as a tonic or diuretic.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Woodland
Landscape theme
Native Garden; Shade Garden
Garden tags
#poisonous #medicinal #rhizomes #native wildflower #fly friendly #food source nectar #food source pollen #food source summer #squirrel friendly #food source soft mast fruit #bird friendly #Audubon #partial shade tolerant #bee friendly #perennial #herbaceous perennial #NC native #NC Native Pollinator Plant
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Poisonous to Humans
Propagation
Root Cutting
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Seeds; Stems
Poison symptoms
CAUSES ONLY LOW TOXICITY IF EATEN. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, nervousness, and depression.
Toxic principle
Isoquinoline alkaloids
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Seeds; Stems

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.