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O. Spring Chinese Holly

Ilex cornuta (EYE-leks kor-NOO-tuh)

Family: Aquifoliaceae Unknown Understory (15-40 ft)

'O. Spring' is a male cultivar of Chinese holly ( Ilex cornuta ), with variegated leaves, good heat tolerance and a tolerance for heavy clay soil. It is a member of the holly family (Aquifoliaceae). 'O. Spring' is tolerant of most soils except poorly-drained ones and can be grown in full to partial sun, although for best color, you should site the plant where it will get afternoon shade. It is tolerant of heat and humidity and is drought tolerant once established, making it a good choice for the south. Prune in the late winter to control its size if needed. Mature plants do not tolerate root disturbance, so it is best to site the plant in its permanent position, preferably one that provides winter protection for the first year or two. The variegated evergreen leaves give this plant good winter presence. As a staminate cultivar, 'O. Spring' is an excellent pollinizer for other Chinese hollies. The spiny leaves make 'O. Spring' a good choice for a barrier or privacy screen or use as an impenetrable hedge, but keep it away from paths and patios where the sharp leaves might cause injury. It can also be planted as a specimen, used in small groups, or planted along a foundation. It is a superb choice for Asian, winter or pollinator gardens. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: Holly leaf miner, scale, whitefly, and spider mites are occasional insect pests. Powdery mildew, leaf spot, leaf rot, and tar spot are potential disease problems. It is resistant to phytophthora root rot. Depending on their planting location this shrub can exhibit chlorosis, leaf drop, or leaf scorch from high pH soils. The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common diseases and insect pests. More information on Ilex cornuta .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 63 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Fills a similar niche Ilex cornuta Ilex cornuta 'Rotunda' Ilex x koehneana 'Martha Berry'
Native alternatives Ilex opaca

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial; Shrub; Tree
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
6-feet-12 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 8 ft. 0 in. - 15 ft. 0 in. | Width: 10 ft. 0 in. - 12 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Erect; Irregular; Pyramidal
Texture
Coarse
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Cream/Tan; Gold/Yellow; Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Oblong
Leaf feel
Glossy; Prickly; Waxy
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Alternate, simple, lustrous, dark green leaves with cream and gold variegation; 0.7 to 1.7 inches long; one to four spines on each side. Leaves are alternate, very spiny, coriaceous, and simple.
Flower color
Cream/Tan; White
Flower value
Fragrant
Flower form
Cyme; Insignificant
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Small, creamy white flowers in spring. 4-parted, radial, axillary, that are 1/4 to 1/3 of an inch. Male and female flowers are on different plants (dioecious). Fragrant but not showy.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit size
< 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
This is a male cultivar that does not produce fruit.
Bark color
Light Gray
Bark detail
Smooth gray bark becoming finely flakey with size.
Stem color
Green; Red/Burgundy
Stem detail
Slender, green stems turning reddish-green in the winter, buds small, leaf scar with 1 bundle scar. Branchlets are dense.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Distribution
Southeastern United States
Wildlife value
Fruits are attractive to birds. Flowers attract bees. Members of the genus Ilex support the following specialized bee: Colletes banksi.
Attracts
Bees; Pollinators; Songbirds; Specialized Bees
Play value
Buffer; Sound; Wildlife Food Source; Wind Break
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Coastal; Lawn; Slope/Bank
Landscape theme
Drought Tolerant Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Accent; Barrier; Border; Foundation Planting; Hedge; Mass Planting; Screen/Privacy; Small groups; Specimen
Garden tags
#specialized bees #evergreen #heat tolerant #nectar plant #pollinator plant #bee friendly #winter interest #clay soils tolerant #drought tolerant #fragrant flowers #wildlife friendly
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Holly Pest Management Calendar; Pests of Holly; Leafminers of Hollies
Problems
Spines/Thorns
Resistant to
Compaction; Deer; Heat
Particularly resistant to
Phytophthora root rot
Propagation
Stem Cutting
Fire risk
medium flammability

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.