Students for Stewardship The Cork Board
← Back to the library

Koehne Holly

Ilex I. aquifolium x I. latifolia (EYE-leks keh-nee-AN-nah)

Family: Aquifoliaceae Unknown Understory (15-40 ft)

'San Jose' is a female cultivar of the Koehne holly with an erect, narrow-pyramidal, densely-branched form. It is a member of the holly family (Aquifoliaceae). 'San Jose' grows well in medium moisture, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Although rather cold hardy, it does best when protected from cold winter winds. Partial afternoon shade should be available to the site if grown in hot summer climates. Prune in winter if needed. This large evergreen shrub or small tree typically grows to 20 to 25 feet tall with a spread of 12 to 15 feet wide. Branches are clad with glossy, spiny-margined, elliptic, evergreen, dark green leaves (2 to 3 inches long). Fragrant but tiny, greenish-white flowers bloom in May. If pollinated by a male plant, flowers give way to berry-like red drupes (⅓ of an inch in diameter) that ripen in fall and persist into winter. Birds are attracted to the fruit. Grow this holly in a winter garden or pollinator garden. It can serve as a screen, accent, hedge or specimen. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Potential insect problems include holly leafminer, spider mites, whitefly and scale. Potential disease problems include leaf spot, leaf rot, tar spot and powdery mildew. Plants are also susceptible to leaf drop, leaf scorch and chlorosis (yellowing of leaves in high pH soils). The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common diseases and insect pests. VIDEO created by Andy Pulte for “Landscape Plant Identification, Taxonomy and Morphology” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee. More information on Ilex x koehneana .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 69 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Ilex x koehneana Ilex x koehneana 'Martha Berry'
Fills a similar niche Ilex cornuta Ilex 'Nellie R. Stevens' Osmanthus fragrans
Native alternatives Ilex opaca

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial; Shrub; Tree
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
6-feet-12 feet; 12-24 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 20 ft. 0 in. - 25 ft. 0 in. | Width: 12 ft. 0 in. - 15 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Erect; Multi-stemmed; Pyramidal
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf feel
Glossy
Leaf value
Long-lasting
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Glossy, spiny-margined, elliptic, evergreen, dark green leaves (2 to 3 inches long).
Flower color
Green; White
Flower value
Fragrant
Flower form
Cyme; Insignificant
Flower shape
Cross
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Fragrant, tiny, insignificant, greenish-white flowers bloom in Spring.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Berry; Drupe
Fruit value
Long-lasting; Showy
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Must be pollinated by a male plant to bear fruit. Berry-like red drupes (⅓ of an inch in diameter) that ripen in fall and persist into winter.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Wildlife value
Fruits are attractive to birds. Flowers attract bees. Members of the genus Ilex support the following specialized bee: Colletes banksi.
Attracts
Pollinators; Songbirds
Play value
Attracts Pollinators; Buffer
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall; Winter
Fruit type
Berry; Drupe

Edibility

Use caution. Berries are slightly toxic to humans if eaten in quantity.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Lawn; Walkways
Landscape theme
Pollinator Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Foundation Planting; Hedge; Screen/Privacy; Small groups; Small Tree; Specimen
Garden tags
#clay soils tolerant #bird friendly #evergreen #evergreen tree #foundation planting #drought tolerant #specimen #red fruits #small tree #fragrant flowers #glossy leaves #large shrub #deer resistant #wildlife friendly #pollinizer #screen #walkway
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Leafminers of Hollies; Pests of Holly
Resistant to
Deer; Drought
Particularly resistant to
deer damage
Propagation
Stem Cutting
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Fruits
Poison symptoms
Minor toxicity. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhea, or other illness in humans.
Toxic principle
Saponins
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Fruits

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.