Students for Stewardship The Cork Board
← Back to the library

Carolina Cardinal Holly

Ilex verticillata x serrata (EYE-leks)

Family: Aquifoliaceae Unknown Shrub (3-15 ft)

'Carolina Cardinal' is a hybrid of winterberry ( Ilex verticillata ) and the finetooth holly ( Ilex serrata ) developed at JC Raulston Arboretum. 'Carolina Cardinal' is a compact deciduous shrub in the holly family (Aquifoliaceae) with beautiful dark brown bark and masses of crimson berries clustered along the branches. It grows well in full sun or partial shade, but full sun will encourage fruit on the female plants. Carolina Cardinal tolerates poor soil and prefers moist, acidic conditions. The Carolina Cardinal holly is a hardy, vigorous shrub with a low spreading habit that does well in full sun or partial shade and typically grows to about 4 feet high, but can be left to grow taller. New growth will start off purple but mature to green. Plant it in shrub borders, in groups or in a winter garden. Low-growing and full, it can accent winter landscapes with a vivid burst of showy, long-lasting, red fruits that provide a food source for birds in fall and winter months. The plant can be pruned to shape; however, keep in mind that next year's blossoms and fruit will appear on new growth. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: A hardy plant with few disease or insect issues. However, high-pH soils can cause chlorosis and leaf spot and powdery mildew can be a problem, although rarely disfiguring. The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common diseases and insect pests. More information on Ilex .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 62 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 3 - Shrub (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Native alternatives Ilex decidua Ilex verticillata

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial; Shrub
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt)
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
6-feet-12 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 4 ft. 0 in. - 5 ft. 0 in. | Width: 4 ft. 0 in. - 5 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
3 - Shrub (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Rounded; Spreading
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Light green, simple, elliptical leaves 1 1/2 to 3 inches long and 3/4 to 1 1/4 inch wide.
Flower color
White
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Small white flowers in late spring, male flowers in clusters and female flowers solitary or in 2's and 3's.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Drupe
Fruit value
Showy
Fruit detail
Glossy, bright red drupe that lasts from fall through winter.
Bark color
Dark Brown; Dark Gray
Stem color
Gray/Silver
Stem detail
Smooth woody stems.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Distribution
Eastern and south central United States
Wildlife value
Birds are attracted to plentiful red fruits.
Attracts
Songbirds
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Drupe

Edibility

Use caution. Human ingestion of berries can cause minor toxic reaction.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Small Space
Landscape theme
Winter Garden
Design feature
Border; Small groups
Garden tags
#deciduous shrub #deciduous #low maintenance #red fruits #winter interest #food source fall #bird friendly #food source soft mast fruit #border planting #small spaces #border middle #food source winter #wildlife friendly #nci #compact #small groups
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Pests of Holly
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Fruits
Poison symptoms
Minor toxicity. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhea, or other illness.
Toxic principle
Saponins
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Fruits

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.