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Common Juniper

Juniperus communis (jew-NIP-er-us KOM-yoo-nis variety KOM-yoo-nis)

Family: Cupressaceae Non-native Understory (15-40 ft)

Common juniper is a coniferous evergreen shrub or small tree with the largest geographical range of any woody plant. Confers do not bear flowers, but the short needles are tightly crowded on the twig, 3 at a whorl, and fleshy seed cones, bluish and berry-like, create a winter interest. Many forms of this species make good ground cover plants in sunny sites. This plant is seldom damaged by deer. Small, yellow cones appear in spring but are not considered ornamentally attractive. Male and female cones are produced on separate plants. Female plants produce 1/2 inch wide, fleshy, fruit-like seed cones commonly referred to as juniper berries. Berries are used for a number of purposes including flavoring gin. The genus name comes from the Latin for the juniper. The species name means common. Common juniper does well in sandy, loamy, and clay soils, but prefers medium moisture, well-drained soil in full sun. It will tolerate heavy clay, nutritionally poor soils, and very acid and very alkaline soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland). Established plants tolerate drought and this species of Juniper is noted for a superior tolerance for cold temperatures as well as heat and humidity. However, Common juniper is not recommended for locations south of USDA Zone 6. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: Problems include cedar apple rust and wilt. Insect problems include mites, borers, scale, midges and bagworms. The fruit of this plant is often used medicinally and as a flavouring in various foods and drinks; however, large doses of the fruit can cause renal damage. See the "Pests of Conifers" fact sheet to the left. The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common juniper diseases and insect pests. More information on Juniperus .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 62 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Juniperus conferta
Native alternatives Juniperus communis var. depressa

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Ground Cover; Poisonous; Shrub; Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Frequent Standing Water | Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry | Very Dry
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 5 ft. 0 in. - 15 ft. 0 in. | Width: 8 ft. 0 in. - 12 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Irregular; Multi-stemmed
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Needled Evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Needles
Leaf arrangement
Whorled
Leaf shape
Acicular; Subulate
Leaf feel
Prickly
Leaf value
Edible; Fragrant
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Leaves small, short needle-like (awn or awl shaped), tightly crowded on the twig, 3 at a whorl.
Flower detail
Confier- does not have flowers.
Fruit color
Blue
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit value
Edible
Fruit size
< 1 inch long
Fruit detail
Fleshy seed cones are bluish and berry-like. On female plants, berries emerge green but gradually ripen by fall to a waxy dark blue to black. Each berry usually contains two or three seeds and ripens in the 2nd or 3rd year.
Bark color
Red/Burgundy
Bark detail
Exfoliating bark is often an attractive reddish-brown.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Eurasia
Wildlife value
Birds feed on berries.
Attracts
Songbirds
Play value
Edible fruit; Fragrance; Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit; Nuts
Harvest time
Summer
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

EDIBLE PARTS: "Berries" used to flavor gin and for cooked meats and red cabbage. Juniper tea can be made by placing a dozen young berryless twigs in a quart of cold water; bring to a boil then allow to simmer for 10 minutes. Strain and use as regular tea, in small quantities. SOURCE: Angier, B. 1974. Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants. Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pa, 255 pp.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Recreational Play Area; Woodland
Landscape theme
Children's Garden; Edible Garden
Garden tags
#evergreen #poisonous #deer resistant #children's garden #fragrant leaves #edible fruits #edible garden #native tree #playground plant #needled evergreen #wildlife friendly
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Bagworms in Ornamental Landscapes; Juniper Tip Dwarf Mite; Pests of Conifers
Other problems
Juniper Webworm; Juniper Pest Management Calendar
Problems
Poisonous to Humans
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Salt
Propagation
Seed; Stem Cutting
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Fruits; Leaves; Seeds
Poison symptoms
CAUSES ONLY LOW TOXICITY IF EATEN. Large amounts may cause diarrhea.
Toxic principle
Volatile oils including thujone.
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Fruits; Leaves; Seeds

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.