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Colorado Red Cedar

Juniperus scopulorum (ju-NIP-er-us skop-u-LO-rum)

Family: Cupressaceae Native Canopy (>40 ft)

Rocky Mountain Juniper is a native slow-growing, conifer, evergreen needled tree in the Cupressaceae or cypress family. It is narrow, pyramidal to rounded in form and grows 30-40 feet tall. It has shedding reddish-brown bark and has bluish-silvery to dark green scale-like foliage that lies flat against the branches. The seed cones are waxy blue, and berry-like which are a source of food for birds and small mammals. Rocky Mountain juniper is one of thirteen junipers that are native to North America. It is found in the western United States and Canada. The tree can be found in drier mountains and foothills of British Columbia and Alberta, the Rocky Mountains to Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas. It is also found in mixed or pure stands of open woodland areas in Wyoming and Colorado at elevations of up to 7500 feet, often on dry and rocky ridges. The genus name, Juniperus , is derived from the Latin word for juniper. The epithet, scopulorum, is from the Latin word that translates "of the cliffs or rock' and refers to the species mountainous habitat. The Rocky Mountain Juniper prefers full sun, moist, well-drained soils and especially does well in dry, sandy soil. It is drought, salt spray, erosion, dry soil, and air pollution tolerant. The tree will adapt to various soil types that may be on the dry side. It cannot tolerate wet soils, high humidity, nor high night temperatures. They are also intolerant to ice. The Rocky Mountain Juniper is very susceptible to injury or death from fires due to it thin, stringy bark and the volatile oils contained in the branches. It is possible the Rocky Mountain Juniper could be attempted in the mountains of North Carolina. It may be best to consider the closely related to the Eastern Red Cedar for use in the landscape, which is better able to handle the hot, humid weather of North Carolina. Quick ID Hints: bark is reddish-brown or gray, exfoliates in thin strips. small branchlets are smooth, but larger branchlets exfoliate in plates. adult foliage is opposite, simple scale-like and varies in color from bluish-silvery or light to dark green juvenile foliage is more needle-like male and female flowers on separate plants, female flowers are greenish-yellow and have two ovules, male flowers are yellow with six stamens and appear on short branchlets. the fruit is a round, immature berry is green and glaucous, ripens to a bluish-purple with a white, waxy bloom. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Rocky Mountain Juniper has no serious diseases or insect pests. In rainy or wet springs, they may be susceptible to blights which causes the dieback of the stem tips. Phomopsis twig blight may occur as well as Cedar-apple rust and other rust diseases. In poorly drained soils, root rot can occur. Aphids, bagworms, twig borers, webworms, scale, and spider mites are potential insect pests. In the wild, animals just the tree as a rubbing post and causes damage to the stems and roots. The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common juniper diseases and insect pests. VIDEO created by Ryan Contreras for “Landscape Plant Materials I: Deciduous Hardwoods and Conifers or Landscape Plant Materials II: Spring Flowering Trees and Shrubs” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Horticulture at Oregon State University More information on Juniperus .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 62 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Juniperus virginiana
Native alternatives Juniperus virginiana

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
12-24 feet
NC region
Mountains
Mature size
Height: 30 ft. 0 in. - 40 ft. 0 in. | Width: 3 ft. 0 in. - 15 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Columnar; Erect; Pyramidal; Rounded
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Needled Evergreen
Leaf color
Blue; Gray/Silver; Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf value
Fragrant
Leaf size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Adult foliage is opposite, scale-like and varies in color from bluish-silvery or light to dark green. They usually have an inconspicuous gland on the surface of the leaf. The leaves are appressed or spreading and measure 1 to 3 mm long. The juvenile foliage is more needle-like, measures 5 to 7 mm long, and pointed with white coated needles. The foliage has a musty scent.
Fall color
Insignificant
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; Green
Flower form
Insignificant
Flower detail
The tree is dioecious or produces male and female flowers on separate plants. Both male and female flowers are present from mid-April to mid-June. The female flowers are greenish-yellow and have two ovules. They open in the following spring before pollination. The male flowers are yellow with six stamens and appear on short branchlets. The pollen is dispersed by the wind. The female flowers have 3 to 8 pointed scales that become fleshy and fuse to form a small strobili or berry.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Blue
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The fruit is a round, two-lobed, 0.2 to 0.3 inches in diameter, dark blue, heavily glaucous, and a berry-like cone. The immature berry is green and glaucous. It ripens to a bluish-purple with a white, waxy bloom. The seed cone is resinous to fibrous and contains 1 to 3 brownish seeds that are 4-5 mm in diameter. They ripen the second year from mid-September to mid-December. They remain on the tree until the following spring. The seeds are dispersed mainly by birds.
Bark color
Light Brown; Light Gray; Red/Burgundy
Bark detail
The bark is reddish-brown or gray and sheds or exfoliates in thin strips.
Stem detail
The small branchlets are smooth, but larger branchlets exfoliate in plates.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Western Canada, western USA to Northern Mexico
Distribution
Native: Canada--British Columbia and Alberta, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, and the United States--CO, ID, MT, NE, NV, NM, ND, OR, SD, UT, WA, and WY.
Wildlife value
Birds eat the cones. It provides nesting sites and cover. Host plant to the olive butterfly. Deer resistant.
Attracts
Butterflies; Songbirds
Play value
Wildlife Cover/Habitat; Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall; Winter
Fruit type
Berry

Uses (ethnobotany)

The aromatic wood is used for cedar chests and for lumber, fence posts, and fuel. Native Americans used the juniper berries for food and decorations. The bark was woven to make cradles. It was also used for firewood for heating and cooking. When the wood is cured, it is resistant to decay.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Lawn
Design feature
Screen/Privacy; Small Tree
Garden tags
#evergreen #deer resistant #drought tolerant #needled evergreen #dry soils tolerant #full sun tolerant #landscape plant sleuths course #showy cones #columnar #air pollution tolerant #slow growing #low maintenance #salt spray tolerant #rounded #small tree #pyramidal #exfoliating bark #dioecious #blue green needles #wildlife friendly #nesting site #screen #contact dermatitis
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Pests of Conifers
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Dry Soil; Pollution; Salt
Propagation
Seed; Stem Cutting
Fire risk
high flammability

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.