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Chinese Holly

lex cornuta (EYE-leks kor-NUE-tah)

Family: Aquifoliaceae Unknown Understory

‘Crimson Fire’ is a female cultivar of the Chinese holly (Ilex cornuta) and a member of the holly family (Aquifoliaceae). This holly is tolerant of most soils except poorly-drained ones and can be grown in full to partial sun. It is tolerant of heat and humidity and is drought tolerant once established, making it a good choice for the south. Prune in the late winter to control its size if needed. The fruit and evergreen leaves make for winter interest in the landscape. A pollinizer is needed to ensure adequate fruit production. Mature plants do not tolerate root disturbance, so it is best to site the plant in its permanent position, preferably one that provides winter protection for the first year or two. The spiny leaves make this a good choice for a barrier or privacy screen or use as an impenetrable hedge. It can also be planted as a specimen, used in small groups, or planted along a foundation. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Holly leaf miner, scale, whitefly, and spider mites are occasional insect pests. Powdery mildew, leaf spot, leaf rot, and tar spot are potential disease problems. However, it is resistant to phytophthora root rot. Depending on their planting location this shrub can exhibit chlorosis, leaf drop, or leaf scorch from high pH soils. The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common diseases and insect pests. More information on Ilex cornuta .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 63 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Fills a similar niche Celtis sinensis 'Green Cascade' Tetradium daniellii Ulmus americana

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial; Shrub; Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Occasionally Dry
Available space
3 feet-6 feet; 6-feet-12 feet
NC region
Coastal; Piedmont
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
2 - Understory
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Erect; Rounded; Spreading
Texture
Coarse
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Oblong
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Glossy; Leathery
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The showy leaves are rectangular with spines on the leaf edges.
Flower color
White
Flower value
Fragrant
Flower form
Insignificant
Flower shape
Star
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Small, insignificant flowers.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Green; Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Berry; Drupe
Fruit value
Showy
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Its showy red berries ripen in the fall and persist through the winter months.
Bark color
Dark Gray; Green
Bark detail
Young stems are yellow-green. They will mature into a silvery-gray color.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Wildlife value
Birds feast on the fruits.
Attracts
Songbirds
Play value
Buffer; Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall; Winter
Fruit type
Berry; Drupe

Uses (ethnobotany)

Makes a great foundation plant.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Patio; Pool/Hardscape; Recreational Play Area; Slope/Bank
Landscape theme
Asian Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Barrier; Border; Foundation Planting; Hedge; Mass Planting; Screen/Privacy
Garden tags
#showy fruits #air pollution tolerant #bird friendly #deer resistant #naturalizes #drought tolerant #naturalized area #wet soils intolerant #pollinizer
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Pests of Holly; Leafminers of Hollies
Resistant to
Deer
Propagation
Stem Cutting
Fire risk
high flammability

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.