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Box Thorn

Lycium (LIH-see-um)

Family: Solanaceae Non-native Shrub

Box Thorns is a genus of deciduous or evergreen, flowering shrubs in the nightshade family that includes about 100 species. They mostly occur in arid and semi-arid climates, and a few are known from coastal zones in saline and dune habitats. Most have a loose habit, thorny stems and small flowers with ornamental berries that are red to purple or yellow. The lycium species will tolerate a variety of soils, although they flower and fruit better in a well-drained one of moderate quality. They are best propagated by seeds, but cuttings and layers may also be used. Two of the better-known species are Goji Berries and Wolfberries, which are used as health foods or in medicine. Goji berries like to creep along the ground and are easier to harvest if staked. A few species have become invasive in Australia and New Zealand forming thorny thickets that harm cattle and crowd out native plants. Lycium ferocissimum is a federally listed noxious weed in the United States. Lycium barbarum (goji berry) is native to China but has become a weed across much of Europe, North America and Australia.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 51 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 3 - Shrub
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Fills a similar niche Ficus carica 'Brown Turkey' Prunus americana Solanum lycopersicum

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Edible; Perennial; Poisonous; Shrub
Life cycle
Woody
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage
NC region
Coastal; Piedmont
Canopy layer
3 - Shrub
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Creeping; Erect
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen; Deciduous; Semi-evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Fleshy
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Small narrow fleshy green leaves vary in shape and size
Flower color
Purple/Lavender; White
Flower shape
Bell; Funnel
Flower detail
Small funnel-shaped or bell-shaped, white, lilac, purple flowers in spring.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Gold/Yellow; Purple/Lavender; Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit value
Edible
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
A berry, red to purple or yellow
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Temporate and subtropical regions of the world
Wildlife value
Birds eat the fruits.
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit
Harvest time
Summer
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

EDIBLE PARTS: Berries edible raw, cooked, or dried

Uses (ethnobotany)

Various parts of the plants have been used for various medical problems throughout the world.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area
Landscape theme
Edible Garden
Garden tags
#poisonous #edible fruits #shrub #edible garden #thorns #full sun tolerant #showy fruits #Noxious Weed (Federal list)
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Poisonous to Humans; Spines/Thorns; Weedy
Resistant to
Drought
Propagation
Layering; Seed; Stem Cutting
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Leaves
Poison symptoms
Ingestion of the leaves causes headaches, abdominal pain, dilated pupils, vomiting, diarrhea, circulatory and respiratory depression, and loss of sensation only if eaten in large quantities.
Toxic principle
Atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Leaves

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.