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Apple

Malus (MAY-lus)

Family: Roseaceae Native Canopy (>40 ft)

Malus is a genus of over 50 species of small flowering deciduous trees or shrubs in the Roseaceae (rose) family. These trees range from the large culinary apples seen in grocery stores to the crab apple trees grown mostly as an ornamental for their flowers. They can be 14- 40 feet tall with an open to rounded crown. There are numerous dwarf and columnar varieties available also that are appropriate for the home landscape. Give apple trees plenty of sun and plant in moist but well-drained, humus-rich, slightly acidic soil. Once established they are drought tolerant. Generally, apple trees do best in cold winter and cool summer areas. High humidity in summer leads to increased diseases. If you are growing culinary apples, make sure you check the cold day requirements and if they need another specimen for cross-pollination. Apples can be medium to high maintenance due to insects and diseases. Prune as needed to thin out dense twigginess and open up the crown for good air circulation. Many apple trees are grafted so be sure to leave the graft aboveground. Apple trees can be used in the edible garden for some species and and a flowering ornamental tree for other species. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: fire blight, rust, apple scab and powdery mildew can be problems. Mites, aphids, Japanese beetles and apple tree borer can be problem insects. VIDEO created by Andy Pulte for “Landscape Plant Identification, Taxonomy and Morphology” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 62 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Similar, less problematic Cercis canadensis Cornus alba

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Native Plant; Perennial; Shrub; Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
12-24 feet; 24-60 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 14 ft. 0 in. - 44 ft. 0 in. | Width: 3 ft. 0 in. - 25 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
High; Medium
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Erect; Irregular; Rounded
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Obovate; Ovate
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
The leaves vary but are typically green with lighter undersides, a few hairs, toothed margins and opposite in arrangement
Flower color
Pink; Red/Burgundy; White
Flower value
Fragrant; Showy
Flower form
Corymb
Flower shape
Cup
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Clusters of 5 petaled pink, white or red flowers appear in spring.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Gold/Yellow; Green; Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Pome
Fruit value
Edible
Fruit size
> 3 inches long, > 3 inches wide
Fruit detail
Fruits are rounded pomes that are 1/2 to 5 inches in diameter
Bark detail
Varies from brown to grey bark with fissures
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Northern Hemisphere
Distribution
Asia, Europe, North America
Wildlife value
Pollinators visit the flowers. Several butterfly and moth larvae feed on the trees.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Moths; Pollinators; Small Mammals; Songbirds
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Pome
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Lawn; Naturalized Area
Landscape theme
Edible Garden; Native Garden; Pollinator Garden
Design feature
Flowering Tree; Small Tree
Garden tags
#flowering tree #small tree #large shrub #spring flowers #edible fruits #showy flowers #deciduous tree #full sun #ornamental tree #high maintenance #landscape plant sleuths course #cpp #NC native #NC Native Pollinator Plant #HS111 #HS304 #hortcontest #th-taste #th-wildlife
Problems & Resistance
Disease problems
Disease and Insect Management in the Home Orchard
Problems
Frequent Disease Problems; Frequent Insect Problems
Resistant to
Drought
Propagation
Seed; Stem Cutting

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.