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Horehound

Marrubium vulgare (mar-ROO-bee-um vul-GAR-ay)

Family: Lamiaceae Non-native Herbaceous (1-3 ft)

White Horehound is a flowering, perennial, deciduous herb or shrub in the mint family that is native to Europe, Asia and Africa. It has naturalized in much of Canada, North and South America. It spreads slowly and at maturity (in 2 to 5 years), it can reach a height of 2 feet with an equal width. The bloom season is long with flowers appearing from June to November. If the plant is cut back after flowering it will normally produce a second crop of leaves. The fresh leaves have a musky smell that fades once the plant is dried. White Horehound is easy to grow and prefers full sun in sandy, dry soil with an acidic to neutral pH. Although it can tolerate moist or poor soil. It can be weedy and is usually found in disturbed and overgrazed areas. Livestock tend to ignore it and eat other plants around it, which causes the spread of the weed. In summer through fall, clusters of small white flowers in dense whorls around the upper stem in the leaf axils.and attract pollinators. The leaves are fragrant, crinkled and gray-greenwith downy hairs. White Horehound has long been used as a folk medicine and the leaves are used to produce a number of drinks, from cold remedies to ale. The plant is harvested as it comes into flower and can be used fresh or dried. White horehound is also a good companion plant for growing near tomatoes. It is not generally used in the perennial garden. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: No significant diseases or insect pests. Weedy

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 60 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Edible; Herb; Herbaceous Perennial; Shrub
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Occasionally Dry
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 0 in. | Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping; Erect; Spreading
Texture
Coarse
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Gray/Silver; Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Ovate
Leaf margin
Crenate
Leaf feel
Rough
Leaf value
Edible
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Up to 2 inch long, rounded, crinkled gray green leaves with scalloped margins and covered in downy hairs.
Flower color
White
Flower value
Long Bloom Season
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Clusters of small white flowers in dense whorls around the upper stem in the leaf axils.
Bloom time
Fall; Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; Cream/Tan
Fruit type
Schizocarp
Fruit detail
A schizocarp that breaks into four small, dry, single-seeded segments called nutlets. Seeds ripen from August to October.
Stem color
White
Stem detail
Upright, square, woolly white stems.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Europe, Northern Africa, Southwestern and Central Asia
Distribution
Canada, United States, Central and South America.
Wildlife value
Attracts bees and other wildlife.
Attracts
Bees; Pollinators
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Leaves
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Schizocarp

Edibility

Teas and beer, cough remedy, and flavoring in hard candies and crafts are produced from the leaves.

Uses (ethnobotany)

It has been used in herbal medicine since the 1st century and is still used today.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Slope/Bank
Landscape theme
Cottage Garden; Pollinator Garden
Design feature
Border
Garden tags
#bee friendly #herb garden #edible leaves #upright form #white flowers #gray-green leaves #weedy #spreading #long bloom time #edible #poor soil tolerant
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Weedy
Propagation
Division; Leaf Cutting; Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.