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Cultivated Tobacco

Nicotiana tabacum (nih-ko-tee-AY-nah tah-BAH-kum)

Family: Solanaceae Unknown Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Java Tobacco is a flowering herbaceous perennial or annual small tree or shrub, native to Bolivia in South America, and in the nightshade family. It can reach a mature height of 10 feet with sweetly fragrant flowers that open at night from summer into fall. It is a short-day plant that only flowers when the daily period of light is shorter than some critical length. The plant can have a spindly growth habit. It is commonly grown throughout the world and its leaves are the source for commercially grown tobacco. Java Tobacco does best in consistently moist, organically rich, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade, with some afternoon shade in hot summer climates. It will tolerate most soil types as long as they are well drained. Java Tobacco does not tolerate temperatures below mid-20s F, so it is often grown as an annual ornamental. It has mostly been replaced in the landscape by shorter varieties that open during the day and have no fragrance. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: No serious diseases or insect pests; however, it is susceptible to tobacco mosaic virus.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 66 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Nicotiana sylvestris
Fills a similar niche Caryopteris Dianthus Nicotiana x sanderi

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Herbaceous Perennial; Poisonous
Life cycle
Annual; Perennial
USDA zones
7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 10 ft. 0 in. | Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect; Multi-stemmed
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous; Semi-evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Ovate; Spatulate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Velvety
Leaf size
> 6 inches long
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Leaves are large, up to 18 inches, alternate, simple, with sticky hairs. Harvested for commercial tobacco.
Flower color
Cream/Tan; Green; Pink; White
Flower value
Showy
Flower form
Panicle
Flower shape
Tubular
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
Flowers are tubular, cream, pink, or green-white, 5-lobed at the top. Bloom on multi-branched panicle.
Bloom time
Fall; Summer
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit detail
Produces many minute seeds.
Stem detail
Stems are thick and not very branched
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
Bolivia
Distribution
Northern and central South America, Mexico, eastern United States north to Virginia, Africa, India, Europe
Wildlife value
Resistant to deer. Pollinated by bees, moths, and butterflies.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Moths; Pollinators
Food & Medicine
Fruit type
Capsule

Edibility

All parts of the plant are poisonous.

Uses (ethnobotany)

Source of commercially grown tobacco leaves.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Patio
Landscape theme
Nighttime Garden; Rock Garden
Design feature
Border; Mass Planting
Garden tags
#tender perennial #showy flowers #tubular flowers #fragrant flowers #poisonous #deer resistant #annual #night blooming #commercial crop #flowering shrub #flowering tree
Problems & Resistance
Disease problems
Southern Bacterial Wilt on Herbaceous Ornamental Plants
Problems
Poisonous to Humans
Resistant to
Deer
Propagation
Seed
Poison severity
High
Poison parts
Flowers; Leaves
Poison symptoms
HIGHLY TOXIC, MAY BE FATAL IF EATEN! Vomiting, diarrhea, slow pulse, dizziness, collapse, and respiratory failure may occur if eaten.
Toxic principle
Nicotine and other alkaloids
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
High severity poison; parts: Flowers; Leaves

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.