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Blue Spruce

Picea pungens (PY-see-uh PUN-jenz)

Family: Pinaceae Unknown Canopy (>40 ft)

Blue spruce is a needled evergreen tree in the pine family (Pinaceae). It is native to the central Rocky Mountains from southern Montana and eastern Idaho south to New Mexico. The genus name, Picea , is thought to be derived from the Latin word, pix , which means "pitch" and refers to the sticky resin that is found on the tree's bark. The specific epithet refers to the sharply pointed needles of the tree. This spruce does best in cooler climates and cannot tolerate heat and humidity. It may tolerate the summer weather in the North Carolina mountains. This tree can be grown in average, well-drained soils in full sun, although it will tolerate some shade. It prefers rich, moist soil in full sunlight. Young trees should be kept consistently moist and not allowed to dry out. As this spruce matures, it becomes more drought tolerant and is overall more drought tolerant than other spruces. It has a slow to medium growth rate, and it grows 30 to 60 feet tall, spreading 10 to 20 feet wide. Blue spruce is a medium to large, narrow, pyramidal conifer with horizontal branching to the ground. It has a dense crown and is conic to columnar-conic. The needles are a silvery blue color. As the tree ages, its lower branches tend to droop toward the ground. This tree is often used as a Christmas tree for its bluish color and stiff leaves for ornaments, but it is being replaced by Fraser fir due to the dangerous leaf tips that have caused injury to toddlers. Use blue spruce as a specimen plant or accent. It also works well as a privacy screen. Plant it in drought-tolerant gardens, meadows, naturalized areas, play areas, native gardens or woodland areas. Quick ID Hints: Gymnosperm with bluish saber-like leaves. Leaves are stiff, rigid and spine tipped & borne on woody "pegs". Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: This plant has no serious pest issues but can be affected by aphids, scale, budworms, and bagworms. New growth and overall health of this tree can be affected by spider mites VIDEO Created by Elizabeth Meyer for "Trees, Shrubs and Conifers," a plant identification course developed in partnership with Longwood Gardens.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 51 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Picea abies Picea laxa 'Conica' Picea sitchensis

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial; Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage
Available space
12-24 feet
NC region
Mountains
Mature size
Height: 30 ft. 0 in. - 60 ft. 0 in. | Width: 10 ft. 0 in. - 20 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Columnar; Conical; Pyramidal
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Needled Evergreen
Leaf color
Blue; Gray/Silver; Green
Leaf type
Needles
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf feel
Prickly
Leaf size
< 1 inch long
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Leaves are alternate, saber-like, spreading more or less around stems, rigid, incurved, have apical spines, and are dull green to bluish to silvery-white in color. Leaves have stomatic lines one each lateral side. Leaves grow up to 1" in size.
Flower size
3-6 inches
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; Green; Orange
Fruit size
1-3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Female cones are oblong-cylindrical, sessile, pendulous, 2-4" long, 1" in diameter, are green with violet bloom, ripening light brown. Scales are thick based, apex is thin, and emarginate. Margins are finely toothed and undulate. Male cones are orange.
Bark color
Dark Brown; Dark Gray
Bark detail
Bark is purplish-gray, deeply grooved, and forms thick scales.
Stem detail
Stem buds are broadly conical to nearly spherical, blunt, and yellowish-brown in color. Scales are loosely appressed, apices are reflexed, and they are more or less keeled. Branches are in whorls, horizontal, and the lowermost are downswept with age.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
USA
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Lawn; Meadow; Naturalized Area; Recreational Play Area; Woodland
Landscape theme
Drought Tolerant Garden; Nighttime Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Accent; Screen/Privacy; Specimen
Garden tags
#tsc #evergreen #rabbit resistant #air pollution tolerant #specimen #winter interest #deer resistant #drought tolerant #fantz #Christmas trees #tsc-cg #needled evergreen #blue needles #evergreen tree #HS304
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Pests of Conifers; Deodar Weevil / Eastern Pine Weevil; Spruce Spider Mite; Spruce Rust Mite
Disease problems
Needle Cast Disease in Christmas Trees
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Pollution; Rabbits
Propagation
Root Cutting; Seed
Fire risk
high flammability

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.