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Angled Solomon's Seal

Polygonatum odoratum (po-lig-oh-NAY-tum oh-DOR-a-tum var. pler-eh-FLOR-um 'var-ee-GATE-um')

Family: Asparagaceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Fragrant Solomon's Seal is a herbaceous perennial of the asparagus family, and it is a native of China, Europe, Korea, Japan, Manchuria, Mongolia, Morocco, Russia, Siberia, and Ukraine. The genus name is Greek in origin. "Poly" means "many," and "gonu" means knee joint referring to jointed plant rhizomes. "Odoratus" is Latin for "sweet smelling" and refers to the fragrance of its flowers. The name Solomon's Seal is believed to refer to the circular seals on the rhizomes or possibly in reference to its reported wound healing properties. In some species, the seal appears to be two overlapped triangles which were symbols or seals used by King Solomon, ruler of Israel, who reigned from 970 BC to 931 BC. 'Variegatum' is a popular cultivar that has bright green foliage with white edges, maroon tinged stems, and dangling white bell-shaped flowers. This shade-loving plant typically blooms from April to June and attracts bees and butterflies. The berries are attractive to birds. The plant is deer and rabbit resistant and tolerates heavy shade. It prefers moist humus-rich well-drained soil in partial to full shade and is somewhat drought tolerant once established. Tolerates the soil being occasionally wet or dry. It does best in cool summer climates. Division is the easiest way to propagate this plant and rhizomes may be dug in the spring or fall. Plant them horizontally just a few inches below the soil and keep moist until they are established. Solomon's Seal is typically used as a shade-loving foliage plant and combines well with Hostas, Astilbes, and Bleeding Hearts. Its variegated leaves and small white bell-shaped flowers brighten and add variety to a shade garden. It can be slow to establish in the garden but is long lived and low maintenance. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: White flies, weevils, slugs, and snails can be a problem. More information on Polygonatum .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 65 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Native alternatives Heuchera Heuchera americana Heuchera villosa Maianthemum racemosum

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt)
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry | Occasionally Wet
NC region
Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 4 ft. 0 in. | Width: 0 ft. 9 in. - 1 ft. 6 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Arching
Texture
Medium
Leaf color
Gold/Yellow; Green; Variegated; White
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Oblong; Obovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Smooth
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The leaves are bright green with white edges. Each stem has 8-17 leaves which are alternate, upright, and elliptic to ovate/ oblong in shape. Each leaf measures 4 inches long. The fall color is yellow-brown.
Fall color
Gold/Yellow
Flower color
White
Flower value
Fragrant; Showy
Flower form
Solitary
Flower shape
Bell
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
The flower is about 7/8 inches long, white, bell-shaped, and occurs either solitary or in pairs. The sweetly fragrant flowers droop from the leaf axils along or below the arching stem April-June
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Black; Blue
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit value
Showy
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
In the fall, blue black berries appear which are 1/4 inch in diameter and hang downward from the leaf axils.
Stem color
Red/Burgundy
Stem detail
Each arching angular stem grows singularly from a rhizome and is 18-24 inches long. They are burgundy red or dark maroon in color.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Eurasia
Wildlife value
Bees and Butterflies obtain nectar from the flowers as well as provide pollination. Birds are attracted to the berries.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Songbirds
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Leaves; Shoots; Stems
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

Young shoots may be boiled and served like asparagus; however, the stems and leaves (as well as berries) do have some poisonous symptoms.

Uses (ethnobotany)

Used in herbal medicine

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Walkways; Woodland
Landscape theme
Cottage Garden; English Garden; Rain Garden; Shade Garden
Design feature
Border; Mass Planting; Small groups
Garden tags
#shade garden #groundcover #white flowers #understory planting #border middle #heavy shade tolerant #bird friendly #pollinator plant #buncombe county sun and shade garden #variegated #woodland #HS303
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Problem for Dogs
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Heavy Shade; Rabbits
Propagation
Division; Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.