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Canada Goldenrod

Solidago altissima (so-li-DAY-go al-TISS-ih-muh)

Family: Asteraceae Native Herbaceous

Solidago altissima , or Canadian Goldenrod, is a herbaceous perennial wildflower and one of the many species of the genus Solidago and is the state wildflower of South Carolina. It has a central stem, or sometimes stem clusters, 2 to 6 feet tall supporting masses of small, dark yellow, plume-like flowers. One plant can produce as many as 1500 small yellow flower heads in a large conical array. Because most of the other goldenrod species have small, yellow, blossoms, they are often confused with each other. Canadian Goldenrod produces alleleopathic compounds that suppress the growth of other plants and, thus, it can become weedy. Although goldenrod is often blamed for hay fever because it is in bloom during that season, ragweed is the actual culprit. Canadian Goldenrod does well in dry soil and sites that have been disturbed by humans. It prefers full to partial sun, and average moisture levels. This plant will tolerate some drought, in which case it will probably drop some of its lower leaves. It also tolerates a variety of soils, seeming to prefer a heavier soil with some clay content. It is extremely rhizomatous and not recommended for smaller planting areas. The root system is fibrous, producing creeping rhizomes that cause the plants to cluster, sometimes forming dense colonies. Native bees nest in the dead, hollow stems, so gardeners are encouraged to cut back dead stems to 12 to 24 inches and allow them to remain standing until they disintegrate on their own. Read more about best practices for stem-nesting bees in this NC Extension publication . Insects, Diseases, and Other Problems: During the fall, powdery mildew occasionally attacks the leaves. This plant is deer resistant. More information on Solidago .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 48 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Solidago canadensis

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Native Plant; Perennial; Wildflower
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Occasionally Dry
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping; Erect
Leaf color
Green
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Lanceolate; Linear
Leaf margin
Dentate
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Leaves are about 4-6" long and 1" wide, becoming slightly smaller towards the apex of the plant. Usually have small teeth along the margins, otherwise the margins are smooth. Underside of leaves is usually pubescent.
Flower color
Gold/Yellow
Flower value
Fragrant; Good Cut; Good Dried; Showy
Flower form
Panicle
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Blooms from August through November. Small, dark yellow flowers form a plume-like feathery inflorescence. Several flowering stems emerge from the top of the plant bearing masses of tiny yellow flowers in compact heads. The flowerhead occur along the upper part of each flowering stem. Individual plants typically remain in bloom about 3 weeks.
Bloom time
Fall; Summer
Stem detail
The stems have lines of white hairs, stand erect and reach 2 to 6 feet. Stems occur either singly or in clusters and are covered in narrow green hairy leaves that are between 2.5 and 3.5 inches long.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
North America, Canada, Mexico
Wildlife value
This plant supports Wavy-lined Emerald (Synchlora aerata) larvae. Bees, butterflies, and beetles, especially flower (soldier) beetles (Chauliognathus) are strongly attracted to the nectar-rich flowers. Members of the genus Solidago support the following specialized bees: Andrena (Callandrena s.l.) asteris, Andrena (Callandrena s.l.) braccata, Andrena (Cnemidandrena) hirticincta, Andrena (Cnemidandrena) nubecula, Andrena (Callandrena s.l.) simplex, Perdita (Perdita) octomaculata, Melissodes (Eumelissodes) fumosus, Colletes simulans, and Colletes solidaginis. Dead stems are used by stem-nesting bees.
Attracts
Butterflies; Pollinators; Specialized Bees
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Woodland
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Native Garden; Pollinator Garden
Design feature
Barrier; Border
Garden tags
#ncemgva2018 #yellow flowers #drought tolerant #specialized bees #deer resistant #nectar plant #fire medium flammability #pollinator plant #native wildflower #native perennial #NC native #NC Native Pollinator Plant #fall flowers #summer flowers #butterfly friendly #wavy-lined emerald butterfly #larval host plant #bee friendly #perennial #wildlife friendly #weedy #nesting site #moth friendly
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Weedy
Resistant to
Deer; Drought
Particularly resistant to
deer resistant
Propagation
Division; Seed
Fire risk
medium flammability

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.