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Hardbark Spiraea

Spiraea tomentosa (spy-REE-ah toh-men-TOH-sah)

Family: Rosaceae Native Shrub (3-15 ft)

Steeplebush, is an upright, multi-stemmed, suckering, deciduous shrub in the Roseacae (rose) family native to wet meadows, wet pastures, boggy areas, marshes, fields, and lake margins from Nova Scotia south to Louisiana and Georgia. As it's native location suggests, the plant needs moist acidic soils in order to grow well to its mature height of 4 feet with a slightly larger width. Steeplebush is easy to grow in average, acidic, moist to wet soils in full sun. It will tolerate a wide range of soil and light shade, but a site with full sun is best for maximum blooming. Remove faded flower clusters as soon as practical to encourage additional blooms. The plant flowers on new wood, so prune in late winter to early spring if needed. This a vigorous plant that will spread by suckers to form colonies. The root system is woody and branching and the woody stems often die down to the ground during the winter. A good selection for moist locations in the landscape or as a low hedge for paths and walkways. This is a flowering shrub with tiny pink to rose to rose-purple flowers clustered, top to bottom, on 4 to 8 inch terminal spikes that bloom from mid-summer to early autumn. These flowers attract butterflies. It is the larval host plant for the New England Buck moth (Hemileuca lucina) Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No serious insect or disease problems. Susceptible to many of the diseases that attack other rose family members, including leaf spot, fire blight, and powdery mildew. Potential insect pests include aphids, leaf roller, caterpillars and scale. The caterpillars of some moths are known to feed on the leaves. Although White-Tailed Deer have been known to browse on Steeplebush, it is not preferred as a source of food because of the bitter and astringent foliage. More information on Spiraea .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 57 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 3 - Shrub (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Spiraea japonica

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Native Plant; Shrub
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Wet
Available space
3 feet-6 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 2 ft. 0 in. - 4 ft. 0 in. | Width: 3 ft. 0 in. - 5 ft. 0 in.
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
3 - Shrub (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect; Multi-stemmed; Rounded
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Ovate
Leaf margin
Dentate
Leaf feel
Leathery
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
Dark green egg-shaped leaves to 3 inches long with coarse marginal teeth are tapered at both ends and densely tomentose (yellowish-brown hairs) beneath. No fall color. Leaves are abundant along the stem; they are 1½–3" long, ½–1¼" across. The upper surfaces of the leaves are dark green and hairless, while their lower surfaces are more pale and covered with hairs.
Flower color
Pink; Purple/Lavender
Flower value
Long Bloom Season; Showy
Flower form
Raceme; Spike
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Rounded plumes of deep pink to rose-purple flowers in dense, narrow, steeple-shaped, terminal spikes (to 4 to 8 inches long) that bloom July through September. Individual flowers are a little less than ¼" across, consisting of a short calyx with 5 teeth, 5 spreading petals that are usually pink (less often white), a cluster of 5 pistils, and numerous exerted stamens. The delicate petals are well-rounded and rather wrinkled. The abundant flowers bloom from the top of the panicle downward, gradually turning brown. There is no noticeable floral scent. They bloom July-September.
Bloom time
Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Fruit type
Follicle
Fruit detail
Each flower is replaced by 5 small brown follicles that are ovoid with short beaks. Each follicle splits open at the apex to release several slender seeds. Fruits become available September-October.
Stem color
Brown/Copper
Stem detail
The central stem is terete and brown; it is initially covered with woolly brown hairs, but later becomes hairless and woody. The central stem terminates in a dense panicle of pink flowers about 4-8" long and about one-third as much across. The panicle has a narrowly pyramidal shape with short lateral branches that are ascending or spreading. These branches are covered with short tawny hairs.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Northern and Central Europe, Eastern United States
Wildlife value
Attracts butterflies. It is the larval host of the New England Buck Moth.
Attracts
Butterflies
Host plant for
New England Buck Moth
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Follicle
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Slope/Bank
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Native Garden; Rain Garden
Design feature
Border; Hedge
Garden tags
#deciduous #flowering shrub #shrub #native shrub #deer resistant #native garden #butterfly friendly #Piedmont Mountains FACW #food source herbage #food source hard mast fruit #food source nectar #food source pollen #mammals #NC native #Coastal FACW #moth caterpillar host #Audubon #bee friendly #low maintenance #larval host plant #moth friendly #hedge #rain garden
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Soft Scale Identification and Management on Ornamental Plants; Armored Scale Identification and Management on Ornamental Plants; Redbanded Leafroller; White-lined Leafroller; Aphids on Ornamental Landscape Plants
Resistant to
Deer; Erosion
Particularly resistant to
tolerates deer
Propagation
Division; Seed; Stem Cutting

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.