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Pond Cypress

Taxodium distichum (taks-OH-dee-um DIS-tik-um)

Family: Cupressaceae Native Canopy (>40 ft)

The Pond Cypress is a smaller variety of the Bald Cypress ( Taxodium distichum ) and, like Bald Cypress, is a long-lived, pyramidal conifer (cone-bearing) tree. It is slow growing, reaching 35 feet after 20 years, but at maturity, it can reach 70 feet with a 20 foot girth. It has overlapping scale-like leaves up to 1/3 of an inch long and is restricted to the Gulf region of southeastern United States, where it often intergrades with Bald Cypress. Although it looks like a needled evergreen (same family as redwoods) in summer, it is deciduous. It is native to southern swamps, bayous and rivers, and is known to tolerate flooded conditions for extended periods of time. The roots grow knobby, conical "knees" that rise up from the ground. In the deep South, it is a familiar sight growing directly in swampy water, often in large stands, with its branches heavily draped with Spanish moss. In cultivation, however, it grows very well in drier, upland soils. In comparison to Bald Cypress, Pond Cypress is somewhat smaller, has appressed, spirally arranged leaves, the root knees are more rounded, and it usually grows on pond margins as opposed to in the water. Some experts consider Pond Cypress to be a different species, namely T. ascendens , or Dwarf Cypress. The tree grows easily in in average, medium to wet, moisture-retentive but reasonably well-drained soils in full sun. It prefers moist, acidic, sandy soils, but tolerates a wide range of soil conditions ranging from average moisture soils to wet soils in standing water. It is a low maintenance tree with easy fall cleanup. It has a large taproot and is slightly salt tolerant.The sapwood is cream-colored while the heartwood is brown. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: Well maintained trees have few problems; however, twig blight is an occasional disease pest. Chlorosis often occurs in alkaline soils. Compare this plant to: Taxodium distichum VIDEO Created by Elizabeth Meyer for "Trees, Shrubs and Conifers," a plant identification course developed in partnership with Longwood Gardens. More information on Taxodium distichum .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 61 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Taxodium distichum var. mexicanum

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Native Plant; Perennial; Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Frequent Standing Water | Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Wet
Available space
12-24 feet; 24-60 feet
NC region
Coastal
Mature size
Height: 30 ft. 0 in. - 70 ft. 0 in. | Width: 15 ft. 0 in. - 20 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Broad; Open; Pyramidal
Texture
Fine
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Blue; Gray/Silver; Green; Orange
Leaf type
Needles
Leaf arrangement
Opposite; Whorled
Leaf shape
Acicular
Leaf feel
Soft
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Overlapping scale-like leaves up to 1/3 of an inch long that are terete, rather than flattened. Needles with blue gray bloom; held upright; bright orange fall color.
Fall color
Orange
Flower detail
Non-flowering.
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; Green; Purple/Lavender
Fruit size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Fruit detail
Cones are round, wrinkled, 2 inches in diameter, and purplish-green that matures to brown. The scales are thick and irregular. Displays in October.
Bark color
Dark Brown; Light Brown; Light Gray; Red/Burgundy
Bark detail
The bark is dark red-brown to silver-brown with many thin, vertical ridges.
Stem detail
Horizontal to ascending branching. Grows a number of thick, heavy branches each with numerous small "branchlets" of leaves.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
South East U.S.A
Distribution
The Gulf region of the Southeastern United States.
Wildlife value
Attracts birds that eat the seeds. Older trees form natural hollows and catamites that are used as cover by wildlife.
Attracts
Small Mammals; Songbirds
Play value
Wildlife Cover/Habitat; Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall

Uses (ethnobotany)

The heavy, straight-grained, rot-resistant wood has been used for a variety of purposes including barrels, railroad ties, and shingles. The tree can provide some flood control in wet areas.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Lawn; Naturalized Area; Pond
Landscape theme
Native Garden; Water Garden
Design feature
Specimen
Garden tags
#deciduous #native garden #NC native #wet soils tolerant #Piedmont Mountains OBL #food source herbage #Coastal OBL #food source hard mast fruit #food source fall #Audubon #HS303 #illustration #wetland
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Bagworms in Ornamental Landscapes
Resistant to
Deer; Erosion; Fire; Pollution; Salt; Wet Soil
Particularly resistant to
Mildly resistant to damage by deer, moderately salt tolerant.
Propagation
Seed
Fire risk
low flammability

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.