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Caucasian Lime

Tilia (TIL-ee-uh u-KLO-ra)

Family: Malvaceae Non-native Canopy (>40 ft)

The Crimean Linden is a medium size to a large deciduous tree that is thought to be a hybrid of Tilia cordata and Tilia dasystyla . The two species are native to Ukraine Crimea, but they do not share the same habitats. The parentage of the Crimean Linden remains unclear. It is a member of the Malvaceae family. The tree grows from 40-60 feet tall and 20-30 feet wide, and it has a pyramidal shape. The tree's crown is dense, and the branches are somewhat pendulous. The tree is also known as Caucasian Linden and Causcasina Lime. This hybrid tree originated in Ukraine Crimea. The tree is sterile, and there are no similar hybrids found in the wild. The German botanist, Karl Koch, described the tree in 1866. His description is based on a young specimen that was found in Berlin. It was thought that the tree originated from a seed collected in Crimea. Since the tree is sterile, the trees in cultivation may be the result of a single clone. The genus name, Tilia , is Latin for Linden or Lime Tree. It is derived from the Greek word ptelea or "Elm tree" and tillai or "Black Poplar." The translation meaning "broad" or perhaps "broad-leaved." The species name, echlora , originated from the Greek words eu meaning "good" and chloros meaning "green." This references the tree's foliage. The common names for this genus are Lime or Linden. In North America, this tree is also known as Basswood. It is important to note, that this tree is not related to the citrus lime fruit tree. The Crimean Linden prefers moist but well-drained soils of loam. They are easily grown in full sun or part shade. They are very tolerant of urban conditions. Since they grow to 60 feet high and 30 feet wide, proper placement must be considered, The Crimean Linden is propagated by cuttings. Often the trees that are sold have been grafted. Any basal suckers of grafted trees should be removed quickly. The bark is brown and smooth, but fissures appear with age. The leaves of the tree are heart shape, glossy dark green with serrated margins, and the fall foliage is yellow. The flowers are pale yellowish-white and from cymes that are very fragrant. The fruit is a grayish-brown hairy nutlet. These hybrid trees may be planted singularly or in groups as an ornamental shade for the lawn or as a street tree. In the 20th century, it was a popular tree for street planting in Great Britain. The rich sugary nectar of the flowers is attractive to bees and butterflies. Quick ID Hints: Leaves upper surface glossy, dark green, and undersides paler with tufts of hair along the veins Leaves are cordate and 2-3.5 inches long and 2-3 inches wide Blossoms are white to pale yellow with 3-7 flowers creating a cluster Fruit small grayish-brown, hairy nutlets Young bark grayish-brown and smooth and older bark fissured Insects, Pests, and Other Problems: There are no serious disease or insect problems. This hybrid variety appears to be more resistant to aphids that would decrease the likelihood of sooty molds. Borers, scale, leaf miners, lace bugs, caterpillars, and Japanese Beetles may be seen. Powdery mildew, leaf spots, and canker may occur. Verticillium Wilt can be fatal but occurs infrequently.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 62 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft) Optimal soil pH Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Tree
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Mature size
Height: 40 ft. 0 in. - 60 ft. 0 in. | Width: 20 ft. 0 in. - 30 ft. 0 in.
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Erect; Oval; Pyramidal; Rounded
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Cordate
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf feel
Glossy
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 3-6 inches wide
Hairs present
Yes
Leaf detail
The leaves are glossy, dark green above, and paler on the undersides. They measure approximately 2 to 3.5 inches long and 2 to 3 inches wide and have serrated margins. The leaves are hairless except for the tufts of hair under the vein axils. In the fall, the leaves are yellow.
Fall color
Gold/Yellow
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; White
Flower value
Fragrant; Showy
Flower form
Cyme
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Three to seven flowers create a drooping cluster that is attached to papery, winglike bracts. The cyme measures 2 to 8 inches long. The blossoms are white to pale yellowish-white and appear from May to June. The fragrant flowers are nectar-rich and attract bees and butterflies.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; Gray/Silver
Fruit type
Achene
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The fruits are tiny grayish-brown pubescent nutlets. They about 0.3 inches long and 0.2 inches wide. They appear in late summer. The seeds are usually sterile.
Bark color
Light Brown; Light Gray
Bark detail
The bark is grayish-brown and initially is smooth. As the tree ages, the bark becomes fissured lengthwise.
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
The stems are slender and bright green. The buds are smooth and appear orangish-red in the winter with 3 scales.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Ukraine Crimea and Iran
Distribution
Native: Ukraine Crimea and Iran; Introduced: Austria, Germany, Great Britain, and Hungry
Wildlife value
Bees are attracted to the rich nectar of the flowers.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies
Play value
Attractive Flowers; Attracts Pollinators; Screening; Shade
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Summer
Fruit type
Achene
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Lawn
Landscape theme
Drought Tolerant Garden; Pollinator Garden
Design feature
Screen/Privacy; Shade Tree; Street Tree
Garden tags
#deciduous #suckers #nectar plant early summer #glossy leaves #drought tolerant #nectar plant mid-spring #bee friendly #urban conditions tolerant #shade tree #butterfly friendly #white flowers #yellow flowers #sterile #fall interest #screen
Problems & Resistance
Resistant to
Drought; Pollution
Particularly resistant to
Tolerates wind, salt, air pollution and drought.
Propagation
Grafting; Root Cutting

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.