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Cranefly Orchid

Tipularia discolor (tip-yoo-LAH-ree-uh DIS-kol-or)

Family: Orchidaceae Native Herbaceous

Cranefly Orchid is a perennial woodland orchid native to the southeastern USA and is found in all areas of NC. In Autumn the single oval leaf emerges and stays through spring, then disappears. There are no leaves present during bloom-time. In July-Sept, a 1-2 foot tall flower stalk emerges from the corm with a spike of irregularly shaped purplish-brown to copper orchid blooms. The shape accommodates the moths that pollinate them. The plants are connected by a series of corms. They need to grow in a woodland setting with decaying wood in moist well-drained soil. Plant where they can receive sun in the winter. This plant is listed as rare, endangered or threatened in several states.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 52 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Aplectrum hyemale

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Bulb; Herbaceous Perennial; Native Plant; Wildflower
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect
Texture
Fine
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green; Purple/Lavender
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf shape
Elliptical
Leaf margin
Entire
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The single leaf is dull to shiny green above, sometimes has raised purple spots and purple underneath. Appears in Autumn through spring.
Flower color
Brown/Copper; Gold/Yellow; Purple/Lavender
Flower form
Spike
Flower shape
Irregular
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
A flowering spike appears in July through Sept. directly from the corm with a spike of irregularly shaped spindly orchid blooms with a long nectar spur. They are purplish-brown to copper in color.
Bloom time
Fall; Summer
Fruit color
Cream/Tan
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Oval tan fruits in fall
Stem color
Brown/Copper; Green
Stem detail
Greenish-brown smooth leafless stem 12-20 inches tall
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Southeastern United States
Distribution
AL, AR, DC, DE, FL, GA, IL, KY, LA, MA, MD, MI, MO, MS, NC, NJ, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, VA, WV
Wildlife value
Pollinated by moths
Attracts
Moths
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Capsule

Edibility

Corms are edible

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Woodland
Landscape theme
Native Garden; Pollinator Garden; Shade Garden
Garden tags
#native wildflower #deciduous #naturalized area #orchid #summer flowers #acidic soils tolerant #partial shade tolerant #NC native #NC Native Pollinator Plant #moth friendly #woodland
Problems & Resistance
Propagation
Division; Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.