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Chinese Elm

Ulmus pumila (ULM-us POO-mil-uh)

Family: Ulmaceae Non-native Canopy (>40 ft)

The Siberian Elm is a very adaptable deciduous, fast-growing tree that often grows in poor soils and withstands drought. It is resistant to Dutch elm disease and has been used to develop other elms with resistance. It is generally considered a poor ornamental tree, mostly because of its weak branches, messy habit, and susceptibility to insect attack, especially leaf beetles. In some areas, this tree is considered weedy and borderline invasive. This tree is native to Asia and was introduced in the United States in the 1860s. At that time, it was valued for its hardiness and fast growth. It is used as a windbreak tree. It has been widely planted in Minnesota and can be found along roadsides and grasslands forming dense thickets. The leaves are doubly serrate, dark green on the upper surface, and light green below. They are oblique or have a larger blade on one side than the other. In the winter, there are large shiny black buds present. Quick ID Hints: 50 to 70 feet in height, 35 to 50 feet wide with a vase-shaped crown bark is dark gray in mature trees with silver-gray twigs leaves are alternate, simple, doubly serrate, ovate to lanceolate shape, oblique, dark green upper surface, and light green beneath drooping clusters of light green to reddish flowers appear in the spring before the leaves develop and are not showy fruit is a samara that is winged, rounded, 0.5 to 1-inch in diameter, brown, dry, and hard large black shiny buds during the winter Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: The leaves are often eaten by the elm leaf beetle. Other problem insects include borers, leaf miners, sawflies, mealy bugs, caterpillars, and scale. It is resistant but not immune to Dutch elm disease and phloem necrosis. It suffers from various wilts, rots, and cankers. It can form large colonies with its copious seed formation and is considered invasive in some states. Consider native alternatives listed in the left-hand column. VIDEO created by Ryan Contreras for “Landscape Plant Materials I: Deciduous Hardwoods and Conifers or Landscape Plant Materials II: Spring Flowering Trees and Shrubs” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Horticulture at Oregon State University More information on Ulmus .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 62 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Ulmus 'Cathedral'
Fills a similar niche Berberis thunbergii 'Atropurpurea' Lonicera fragrantissima Populus deltoides
Similar, less problematic Ulmus parvifolia

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Occasionally Dry
Available space
24-60 feet
Mature size
Height: 50 ft. 0 in. - 70 ft. 0 in. | Width: 35 ft. 0 in. - 50 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect; Vase
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Lanceolate
Leaf margin
Doubly Serrate
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The leaves are dark green on the upper surface and light green on the lower surface. The margins are doubly serrate. They measure 1 to 3 inches long, are oblique (more leaf blade on one than the other), and are oval to lanceolate in shape. Their fall color is yellow.
Fall color
Gold/Yellow
Flower color
Green; Red/Burgundy
Flower form
Insignificant
Flower detail
Flowers develop, in drooping clusters, in the spring between March and May. Unlike other Elms, they are perfect flowers and self-pollinate. Their flowers are light green to reddish and appear in small clusters of two to five. They appear before the leaves develop and are not showy.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; Cream/Tan
Fruit type
Samara
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The fruit is a samara that is winged, round, and contains one seed. It measures 0.5 to 1 inch in diameter. The covering is brown, dry, and hard. They do not attract wildlife and are not showy. The fruits appear in clusters and are spread by the wind.
Bark color
Dark Gray; Light Brown; Light Gray
Bark detail
The bark is a light gray-brown with irregular furrows and is often streaked with stains caused by bacterial wetwood. The bark is dark gray and has shallow grooves on the mature tree.
Stem color
Gold/Yellow; Gray/Silver
Stem detail
Stems are silver-gray, glabrous, or pubescent, unwinged, without a corky layer, with scattered lenticels, and they have a zig-zag form. The round to oval winter buds is dark brown to red-brown.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Asia, Siberia
Distribution
Most of the US, especially in the west and midwest.
Play value
Wind Break
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Spring
Fruit type
Samara
Landscape Use
Garden tags
#deciduous #drought tolerant #high maintenance #air pollution tolerant #fast growing #weak wood #full sun tolerant #winter interest #insect problems #landscape plant sleuths course #messy #flowers spring #windbreak #weedy
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Larger Elm Leaf Beetle; Elm Leaf Beetle; Elm Lace Bug; Mourning Cloak Butterfly / Spiny Elm Caterpillar; Elm Leafminer; Elm Sawfly; Mealybugs Found on Flowers and Foliage; Elm Zigzag Sawfly; Common Insect Pests of Elm in North Carolina
Disease problems
Common Diseases of Elm Trees in North Carolina
Problems
Frequent Insect Problems; Messy; Weak Wood; Weedy
Resistant to
Drought; Pollution; Poor Soil
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.