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Highbush Blueberry

Vaccinium formosum (vak-SIN-ee-um for-MOH-sum)

Family: Ericaceae Native Shrub (3-15 ft)

Swamp highbush blueberry is a deciduous shrub in the Ericaceae (heath) family. It is native to the southeastern United States and is commercially important to the area. Its native habitat includes bogs, swamps (especially blackwater, or at least away from strong alluvial influence), seepage, depression ponds (dolines), and other moist grounds. It will not grow in locations that include lime in the soil but will grow in, and prefers, very acidic soils. Best fruiting occurs when situated in full sun. This plant has the tendency to sucker and, therefore, can form small colonies. Propagating from seed is best done in a protected setting, such as a greenhouse. At this point, swamp highbush blueberry prefers a lightly shaded location and should be kept in this environment at least through its first winter. After that time, it can be planted outside in a location with protection from strong winds. Sometimes confused with smooth highbush blueberry, swamp highbush blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum ) can be distinguished by its stems and leaf surfaces, which are pubescent with dingy hairs. It also has darker fruits that do not have a glaucous coating. It will have flowers that bloom earlier in the spring. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No significant problems. VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for " Edibles, Bulbs, and Houseplants " a plant identification course offered in partnership with Longwood Gardens. More information on Vaccinium .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 61 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 3 - Shrub (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Vaccinium corymbosum Vaccinium corymbosum 'Premier'
Fills a similar niche Gaylussacia dumosa Rubus allegheniensis Vaccinium corymbosum

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Edible; Native Plant; Shrub
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Moist | Occasionally Wet
Available space
3 feet-6 feet; 6-feet-12 feet
NC region
Coastal
Mature size
Height: 4 ft. 0 in. - 13 ft. 0 in. | Width: 3 ft. 0 in. - 10 ft. 0 in.
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
3 - Shrub (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The leaves tend to be broader below the center.
Fall color
Gold/Yellow; Orange; Red/Burgundy
Flower color
White
Flower shape
Bell; Urn
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Flowers are longer than other high bush blueberries. Blooms from February to May.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Black; Blue
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit value
Edible
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Blueberries with glaucus bloom. Displays from June to August and best fruit set occurs in the fulls sun.
Bark color
Dark Brown; Light Brown
Bark detail
Woody old growth is brown and exfoliating.
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
Young stems are hairless and have green bark.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Eastern North America, New Jersey to Florida and Alabama
Wildlife value
Larval host plant for butterflies. Also attractive to bees and birds.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Pollinators; Small Mammals; Songbirds
Host plant for
butterflies
Play value
Attracts Pollinators; Edible fruit; Textural; Wildlife Food Source; Wildlife Larval Host
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit
Harvest time
Summer
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

Fruits are edible fresh or cooked.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Coastal; Meadow; Naturalized Area; Pond; Vertical Spaces
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Edible Garden; Native Garden; Pollinator Garden
Design feature
Accent; Barrier; Border; Mass Planting
Garden tags
#deciduous shrub #deciduous #NC native #native shrub #food source herbage #larval host plant #food source nectar #mammals #hummingbird friendly #food source summer #Coastal FAC #food source pollen #Piedmont Mountains OBL #pollinator plant #bird friendly #Audubon #food source soft mast fruit #edible fruits #fall color yellow #nectar plant mid-spring #nectar plant late winter #nectar plant early spring #blue fruits #nectar plant late spring #fall color red #fall color orange #bee friendly #perennial #wildlife friendly
Problems & Resistance
Propagation
Division; Layering; Seed; Stem Cutting

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.