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American Cranberry

Vaccinium macrocarpon (vak-SIN-ee-um ma-kro-KAR-pum)

Family: Ericaceae Native Shrub (3-15 ft)

Large Cranberry is native low-growing vine, ground cover or trailing evergreen shrub and is usually grown in wet bog conditions. They spread by rhizomes and can be difficult to transplant. Requirements are full sun and moist but well-drained soils and they can tolerate periodic flooding. Soil pH needs to be 4.0-5.2. The plants are grown commercially as a food crop and the berries mature in August-November. This plant is intolerant of heat and drought. Ornamentally it can be used as a ground cover for boggy or marshy areas with acidic soils. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Cranberries are subject to chlorosis problems if soil pH is too high. More information on Vaccinium .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 65 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 3 - Shrub (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Fills a similar niche Ilex glabra Vaccinium corymbosum Viola sororia

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Edible; Ground Cover; Native Plant; Perennial; Shrub; Wildflower
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt)
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Wet
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Mountains
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 3 ft. 0 in. | Width: 1 ft. 6 in. - 2 ft. 4 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
3 - Shrub (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Horizontal; Spreading
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Brown/Copper; Green; White
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Glossy; Leathery
Leaf size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Small glossy leaves are bronze in spring and green in summer. Undersides are whitish. Fall color varies from copper to purple.
Fall color
Brown/Copper; Purple/Lavender
Flower color
Pink; White
Flower value
Showy
Flower form
Head
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Showy small fuchsia pink flower stalks develop from stem tips Each bloom has four thin white petals that are acutely reflexed, exposing a dark, elongated central cone of 8-10 fused stamens. They bloom from May to July.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit value
Edible
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
1/2 inch round red fruit in late summer to mid-fall (August-November).
Bark color
Dark Brown
Bark detail
The bark of an adult plant is thin and smooth
Stem color
Brown/Copper
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
NE North America
Distribution
USA: CA, CT, DE, IL, IN, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, OR, PA, RI, TN, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV Canada: NB, NL, NS, ON, PE, QC
Wildlife value
Berries are eaten by birds and small mammals and it also attracts pollinators. Members of the genus Vaccinium support the following specialized bees: Andrena (Conandrena) bradleyi, Andrena (Andrena) carolina, Panurginus atramontensis, Habropoda laboriosa, Colletes productus, Colletes validus, and Osmia (Melanosmia) virga.
Attracts
Butterflies; Pollinators; Small Mammals; Songbirds; Specialized Bees
Play value
Attracts Pollinators; Edible fruit; Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit
Harvest time
Fall; Summer
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

Edible berries

Uses (ethnobotany)

Was and continues to be a food source for Native Americans.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Pond
Landscape theme
Butterfly Garden; Edible Garden; Native Garden; Pollinator Garden
Design feature
Border
Garden tags
#specialized bees #native bees #nectar plant #showy fruits #showy flowers #edible fruits #leathery #native groundcover #red fruits #glossy leaves #edible garden #native garden #small mammals #food source fall #Coastal OBL #food source herbage #food source nectar #mammals #food source pollen #Piedmont Mountains OBL #food source soft mast fruit #butterfly friendly #pollinator plant #bird friendly #Audubon #full sun tolerant #bee friendly #wet soils tolerant #larval host plant #dense growth #playground plant #boggy sites #wildlife friendly #NC native #NC Native Pollinator Plant #hortcontest
Problems & Resistance
Resistant to
Compaction; Wet Soil
Propagation
Seed; Stem Cutting

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.