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Chasteberry

Vitex agnus-castus (VY-teks AG-nus KAS-tus)

Family: Lamiaceae Non-native Understory (15-40 ft)

The chaste tree is a shrub or tree native to Europe, western Asia, India and North Africa. It is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae). The specific epithet repeats words for "chaste, pure" in two languages, first in Greek and then in Latin. Given the species’ fecundity, the reference to chastity seems almost facetious. Chaste tree is hardy in zones 7 to 8. It can suffer winter dieback or will die to the ground in USDA Zones 5 and 6; however, the roots often survive and push up several feet of new growth the following year. Pruning can be done in early spring as flowering occurs on new wood. Due to this trait, dieback will not affect flowering. Prune faded flowers to promote continuous flowering. Flowering will be more spectacular if the plant is heavily pruned after blooming. This tree is resistant to damage by deer and is moderately salt-tolerant. It has good drought tolerance once established. It freely reseeds and can become weedy. Bees and many other pollinators are attracted to its flowers and foliage. In warmer climates, it can be trained to grow as a small, single-trunk tree or a large shrub. Although typically grown as a 10- to 15-foot shrub, in tree form it can reach heights and widths of up to 20 feet. This long-lived specimen's rapid growth rate can add up to 24 inches per year in height. Some smaller cultivars like ‘Blue Diddley' and ‘Blue Puffball’ can be grown as 3-to-6-foot shrubs; other cultivars, such as ‘Cooke’s Blue’, ‘Cooke’s Pink’, or ‘Cooke’s Purple’, can grow as tall as 25 to 30 feet with the same spread. There are also many cultivars of various sizes in between. The chaste tree is great for the home landscape, provided it has plenty of room to grow. The unique foliage and flowers will add interest to the home garden. This plant has the potential to become invasive, especially in southern areas of the country. Its dry fruit can be a litter issue. Quick ID Hints: deciduous tree or shrub with an erect, open, rounded habit grayish-green leaves with gray undersides, arranged in leaflets and fragrant when bruised fragrant, pink, lavender, or white flowers, arranged in up to 12-inch panicles small, purple, globose drupes are present in the fall Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems : Thrips can cause damage. Root rot can occur in too moist soils. VIDEO created by Andy Pulte for “Landscape Plant Identification, Taxonomy and Morphology,” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 65 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Shrub; Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
6-feet-12 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 8 ft. 0 in. - 20 ft. 0 in. | Width: 5 ft. 0 in. - 20 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect; Open; Rounded; Spreading; Vase
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Gray/Silver; Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Lanceolate
Leaf margin
Dentate; Entire
Leaf value
Fragrant
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Compound branches have 5-9 lance-shaped leaflets and are up to 4-8 inches long by 2-4 inches wide. The leaves are opposite in arrangement, and they have a menthol fragrance when bruised. The upper surface is grayish-green, and the undersides are gray.
Flower color
Pink; Purple/Lavender; White
Flower value
Fragrant; Showy
Flower form
Panicle; Spike
Flower shape
Tubular
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
Fragrant pink, purple, or white flower clusters that bloom all summer. Individual flowers are 1 inch across with five petals appearing in loose panicles (to 12" long).
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Purple/Lavender
Fruit type
Drupe
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The fruit is a drupe with 4 cells, each containing 1 seed. The fruit is 3-4 mm, globose, and purple with a pungent flavor.
Bark color
Dark Gray
Bark detail
The bark is gray and can be smooth or furrowed.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Mediterranean to Pakistan
Wildlife value
Resistant to deer. Attracts birds, butterflies and bees which use the flowers to produce honey.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Pollinators; Songbirds
Play value
Attractive Flowers; Attracts Pollinators; Fragrance; Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Drupe

Uses (ethnobotany)

Essential oils have been found in the fruits and in the leaves. It has been used as an insect repellent.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Patio; Recreational Play Area; Vertical Spaces
Landscape theme
Children's Garden; Drought Tolerant Garden; Pollinator Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Accent; Barrier; Border; Flowering Tree; Hedge; Mass Planting; Screen/Privacy; Small Tree; Specimen
Garden tags
#salt tolerant #deer resistant #showy flowers #shrub #fragrant flowers #children's garden #fast growing #bird friendly #butterfly friendly #heat tolerant #deciduous shrub #dry soils tolerant #drought tolerant #pest resistant #winter interest #full sun tolerant #bee friendly #playground plant #pollinator plant #specimen #landscape plant sleuths course #full sun #large spaces #fragrant leaves #HS111 #HS303 #weedy #cpp
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Weedy
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Dry Soil; Heat; Insect Pests; Salt
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.