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Aloe Yucca

Yucca aloifolia (YUK-ah al-oh-ih-FOH-lee-uh)

Family: Asparagaceae Native Understory (15-40 ft)

Spanish bayonet is native to the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States from southern Virginia south to Florida and west to the Texas Gulf Coast. It is a member of the asparagus family (Asparagaceae). The species epithet is Latin for “having leaves like Aloe .” It grows in sandy soils, especially on sand dunes along the coast of NC. Spanish bayonet is drought-tolerant and highly tolerant of salt spray. They need very well-drained sandy soils but will tolerate other soils. The plants do best and flower in full sun. The plants will survive in shade, but the leaves will be small and soft, and the plant will rarely bloom. The leaves of Spanish bayonet are stiff and well armed. The spines on the leaf tips are very sharp, and there are no filaments on the leaf margin. The flowers are giant panicles of pendulous bell-shaped flowers appearing in the center of the plant in spring to late summer, depending on the year. After flowering, the trunk stops growing, but one or more lateral buds are soon formed, and the uppermost becomes a new terminal shoot. It also produces new buds, or offshoots, near the base of the trunk to form clusters of stems. Stems that tip over can root along the fallen stem and continue growing. Used as a barrier, the sharp points will definitely keep out trespassers. Use as a specimen, and the blooms will be the focal point. This species is at home in a dry garden, native plant garden or rock garden. It would also be an asset in a pollinator garden, winter garden or night garden (the white flowers are beautiful in moonlight, but keep the plant away from traffic areas). Plant along the dunes as they tolerate salt sprays. This plant is resistant to damage by deer (but they will eat the fruits). Quick ID Leaves flat, sword-shaped, rigid, sharp-pointed, no filaments Giant panicles of white, pendulous flowers Flowers are large, bell-shaped, and fragrant Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No serious insect or disease problems. Yucca plant bug sometimes causes cosmetic damage.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 69 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Yucca gloriosa Yucca gloriosa var. tristis

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Edible; Herbaceous Perennial; Native Plant; Perennial; Shrub; Succulent
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Occasionally Dry | Very Dry
Available space
3 feet-6 feet
NC region
Coastal; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 10 ft. 0 in. - 15 ft. 0 in. | Width: 3 ft. 0 in. - 5 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping; Erect; Spreading
Texture
Coarse
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf feel
Leathery; Rough
Leaf value
Long-lasting; Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Evergreen, dark green, thick and stiff, up to 2 feet long, with tiny sharp serrations on the margin and a very sharp tip
Flower color
Purple/Lavender; White
Flower value
Fragrant; Showy
Flower form
Panicle
Flower shape
Bell
Flower size
1-3 inches
Flower detail
White, fragrant, pendulous flowers, about 3 inches wide, occur in erect clusters up to 2 feet tall. Blooms from June to July.
Bloom time
Summer
Fruit color
Black; Brown/Copper
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit value
Edible
Fruit size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Fruit detail
1–3-inch-long, ovoid or ellipsoid, blackish, gooey fruit are produced from October to December.
Stem color
Brown/Copper
Stem detail
Thick succulent stems. The stems are covered by retained, dead leaves. Under the leaves, the stem is rough, dark brown and woody.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Native
Origin
Coastal plain from NC to FL & LA
Distribution
AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, VA
Wildlife value
Pollinators like butterflies, hummingbirds and moths are attracted to the flowers and wildlife are attracted to the fruit. The flowers are pollinated by specialist moths.
Attracts
Bees; Butterflies; Hummingbirds; Moths; Small Mammals; Songbirds
Play value
Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit; Flowers
Harvest time
Fall; Winter
Fruit type
Berry

Edibility

The flowers can be served as a salad or cooked. Fruit can be eaten raw or cooked.

Uses (ethnobotany)

The roots can be used as soap and shampoo. Pioneers made rope and string from the fibrous leaves.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Coastal; Naturalized Area
Landscape theme
Drought Tolerant Garden; Native Garden; Nighttime Garden; Pollinator Garden; Rock Garden
Design feature
Accent; Border; Screen/Privacy; Specimen
Garden tags
#salt tolerant #evergreen #fantz #food source herbage #food source nectar #food source pollen #coastal UPL #food source fall #showy flowers #drought tolerant #edible flowers #deer resistant #edible fruits #bird friendly #dry soils tolerant #FACU Piedmont Mountains #problem for dogs #problem for horses #problem for cats #Audubon #nighttime garden #white flowers #food source hard mast fruit #full sun tolerant #food source winter #wildlife friendly #cpp #NC native #NC Native Pollinator Plant #moth caterpillar host #moth friendly #hortcontest #fiber plant #edible #bat friendly
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Yucca Plant Bug
Problems
Problem for Cats; Problem for Children; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Dry Soil; Salt
Propagation
Division; Root Cutting; Seed
Fire risk
medium flammability

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.