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Giant Reed

Arundo donax (ah-ROON-doh DOH-naks)

Family: Poaceae Non-native Understory (15-40 ft)

Giant reed grass, which grows 14 to 30 feet tall and 5 to 9 feet wide, is one of the tallest, ornamental, herbaceous perennials in the grass family (Poaceae). It is native to the Mediterranean, west and central Asia and temperate eastern Asia. It was introduced to the United States in the 1800s for erosion control. It is an invasive species in North Carolina, as well as other parts of the United States. Its rapid growth and spreading rhizomes mean that it can quickly crowd out native plants. Also, every node of the plant can root and create a new plant, making it reproduce easily. There is little or no reproduction by seeds. It has an erect arching habit. Its curved leaves are reminiscent of bamboo and they bronze with freezing temperatures. Please choose a native or less problematic plant for the landscape. Suggestions appear to the left. Insects, Diseases and Other Plant Problems: This plant is invasive in some parts of the United States. It can spread aggressively by rhizomes. It is listed as invasive by the NC Invasive Plant Council and is invasive in other parts of the United States as well. Native alternatives should be considered.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 42 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Phyllostachys aureosulcata

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Ornamental Grasses and Sedges
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Available space
6-feet-12 feet; 12-24 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 14 ft. 0 in. - 30 ft. 0 in. | Width: 5 ft. 0 in. - 9 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Arching; Erect
Texture
Coarse
Leaf color
Brown/Copper; Gray/Silver; Green
Leaf type
Sheath
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Upright stems with coarse, gray-green 2' long 3" wide leaves that clasp the stems; leaves bronze with freezing temperatures
Fall color
Brown/Copper
Flower color
Brown/Copper; Gray/Silver; Pink; Red/Burgundy
Flower value
Good Cut; Good Dried; Showy
Flower size
3-6 inches
Flower detail
1- to 2-ft. inflorescence opens with a reddish-brown cast; dries to full puffy, silver; in Fall. Excellent for cut flowers or in dried arrangements
Bloom time
Fall
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
W. & Central Asia to Temp. E. Asia, Mediterranean
Food & Medicine

Uses (ethnobotany)

Used traditionally as a medicine. Reeds for musical instruments are made from this plant.

Landscape Use
Garden tags
#ncemgva2018 #ornamental grass #rhizomes #drought tolerant #coarse #showy flowers #fall flowers #tall grass #naturalizes #full sun tolerant #gray-green leaves #aggressive #fast growing #high maintenance #HS303 #weedy #invasive
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Invasive Species; Weedy
Resistant to
Black Walnut; Drought; Pollution

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.