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Russian turnip

Brassica napus (BRAS-sick-ah NAY-pus NAH-po-BRAS-sick-ah Group)

Family: Brassicaceae Unknown Herbaceous (1-3 ft)

The Napobrassica Group is referred to as rutabaga in the United States and is in the Brassicaceae family. The genus name Brassica is Latin for cabbage. Rutabaga is a cross between turnips and cabbage. This cool-weather biennial is grown as an annual. Sow seeds in your garden 4 to 6 weeks before the last frost date. It can also be sown after the summer heat has dissipated for a fall or early winter harvest. Ensure that your plants receive 1" of water per week. Drought conditions can make the plant woody and bitter-tasting. It can take 3 to 4 months to reach maturity, whereas its cousin plant, the turnip, can be grown in approximately half the time. However, rutabaga tends to be larger, denser and sweeter than a turnip. Frost helps to improve the flavor. The edible bulb is at its best when harvested when 3-5" in diameter. Bulbs exceeding 5" can tend to be tough. The greens or foliage can be harvested once they reach a height of 4". Providing the top of the bulb is not damaged when harvesting the greens, the bulb will continue to form new growth. Use rutabaga in the fall edible garden. The plants are also used as food for livestock. Click here to see a calendar of planting schedules, time-to-harvest, and recommended spacing. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Clubroot is a soil-born disease. Should clubroot make a presence, avoid planting rutabaga in that location for at least 6 years. Slugs, aphids, cutworms, looper caterpillars, and flea beetles will eat the foliage. Providing a row cover can help protect the greens and help prevent moths from laying eggs on the leaves.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 51 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Fills a similar niche Brassica rapa Rapifera Group Cucurbita maxima Eruca vesicaria

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Cool Season Vegetable; Vegetable
Life cycle
Annual; Biennial
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage
Available space
Less than 12 inches
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 0 in. | Width: 0 ft. 8 in. - 1 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Spreading
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf margin
Lobed
Leaf feel
Smooth; Waxy
Leaf value
Edible
Leaf size
> 6 inches long
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The deep green leaves have a bluish hue, are deeply lobed and grow from the swollen root. They grow close to the ground.
Flower color
Gold/Yellow
Flower form
Raceme
Flower shape
Cross
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
The light yellow flowers each have 4 petals. They are not raised above the unopened buds on the raceme.
Fruit color
Gold/Yellow; Purple/Lavender; White
Fruit type
Siliqua
Fruit value
Edible
Fruit size
> 3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Fruit detail
The fruits dry and split when ripe. They can range in color from yellow to purple to white. They are covered with a yellow flesh.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
Scandinavia, Finland
Play value
Easy to Grow; Edible fruit
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit; Leaves; Roots
Harvest time
Fall; Summer
Fruit type
Siliqua

Edibility

The roots/bulb and leaves are edible.

Landscape Use
Landscape theme
Edible Garden
Garden tags
#vegetable garden #edible bulbs #vegetable #drought intolerant #herbaceous #herbaceous annual #herbaceous bulb #cool weather plant #annual vegetable #heat intolerant #cool season vegetable #edible leaves #annual #edible
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables; Pests of Crucifers; Clubroot of Brassicas

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.