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Boxwood

Buxus sempervirens (BUK-sus sem-per-VEE-renz)

Family: Buxaceae Non-native Understory (15-40 ft)

Boxwood, or common box, is a broadly rounded, multi-branched, evergreen shrub or small tree in the boxwood family (Buxaceae). It is native to western and southern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. The species epithet sempervirens means always green. Boxwood is considered a low-maintenance plant. It is shallow-rooted and adapts to a wide range of light and soil conditions. Although it can grow slowly up to 15 to 20 feet tall at maturity, it can be kept much shorter through pruning. While it grows a bit faster and is less troubled by insects than B. microphylla , it is not quite as heat-tolerant. It is best not to plant too deeply and prefers well-drained soil. A few inches of mulch will protect the shallow roots from getting dry and hot. Protect from winds and full winter sun by placing in a location where these conditions are limited, as they can cause dehydration and bronzing. Remove any accumulated snow to protect the branches. Thinning plants annually will assist with light and air circulation. Do not prune too early in the spring or late in summer. The young stems of this plant are square in cross-section, and this feature may have contributed to its common name. The dense foliage has leaves that are a glossy dark green on top with a yellow-green underside. Some people find it to be malodorous. Boxwood may be used as a vertical accent plant, in mixed beds, as topiary, or to form a narrow hedge. Being evergreen, it provides winter interest in the garden. Height of various cultivars varies widely, so select the cultivar that suits your available space. It is generally tolerant of rabbits and deer. Quick ID Hints: Leaves are opposite, apex acute to obtuse Stems are square and winged with decurrent petioles Leaves have white pubescence along midrib below Leaves are about 1 inch long and half as wide Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: The plant is susceptible to boxwood blight and leaf spot diseases. Insect pests include leafminer, boxwood mite, and boxwood psyllid. The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common boxwood insect pests and diseases. For suitable alternatives, see this video created by Charlotte Glen as part of the Plants, Pests, and Pathogens series. VIDEO created by Andy Pulte for “Landscape Plant Identification, Taxonomy and Morphology” a plant identification course offered by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee. More information on Buxus .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 69 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft) Optimal soil pH Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Buxus microphylla var. japonica Ilex crenata 'Convexa' Ilex crenata 'Hetzii' Sarcococca confusa Sarcococca hookeriana Sarcococca hookeriana var. dygyna Sarcococca orientalis Sarcococca ruscifolia
Native alternatives Ilex glabra Ilex vomitoria
Similar, less problematic Distylium Viburnum obovatum 'Raulston Hardy'

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial; Shrub
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Occasionally Wet
Available space
6-feet-12 feet; 12-24 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 5 ft. 0 in. - 20 ft. 0 in. | Width: 5 ft. 0 in. - 15 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Multi-stemmed; Rounded
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Gray/Silver; Green; Orange
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Oblong; Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Glossy; Leathery; Smooth
Leaf value
Long-lasting
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Opposite, simple, lustrous, light blue to blue-gray leaves; 0.5-1.5 in. long; light green to yellowish-green below; may develop an orange-green cast in winter. Salt spray in winter worsens foliage discoloration. Typically elliptic or ovate to oblong and twice as broad as long, rounded or notched apex; petiole fused to stem (decurrent) with white cottony midrib below.
Flower color
Cream/Tan; Gold/Yellow
Flower value
Fragrant
Flower form
Insignificant
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Non-showy, creamy yellow flowers in spring; fragrant. Apetalous (no petals).
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Globose, 1/3 inch dehiscent capsule that matures to brown.
Stem color
Brown/Copper; Green
Stem detail
New stems green, mature to brown, square shape.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Europe to N. Iran, N. Africa
Food & Medicine
Fruit type
Capsule
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Lawn; Walkways
Landscape theme
Cottage Garden; English Garden; Garden for the Blind; Shade Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Accent; Border; Foundation Planting; Hedge; Mass Planting; Screen/Privacy
Garden tags
#drought tolerant #evergreen #fantz #slow growing #shrub #problem for cats #problem for dogs #problem for horses #woody #rabbit resistant #deer resistant #malodorous #winter interest #landscape plant sleuths course #topiary #formal garden #hedge #perennial #cpp #HS304 #hortcontest #fpp #contact dermatitis
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Boxwood Mite; Boxwood Psyllid; Boxwood Pest Management Calendar; Pests of Boxwood; Oystershell Scale Insect on Ornamental Plants
Problems
Contact Dermatitis; Malodorous; Problem for Cats; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses
Resistant to
Deer; Drought; Rabbits
Particularly resistant to
Drought
Propagation
Stem Cutting
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Leaves
Poison symptoms
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, convulsions, respiratory failure; contact with cell sap may cause skin irritation
Toxic principle
Steroidal alkaloids
Contact dermatitis
Yes
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Leaves; contact dermatitis

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.