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Camellia

Camellia (ka-MEE-lee-ah)

Family: Theaceae Non-native Understory (15-40 ft)

The genus Camellia is native to tropical and subtropical Asia and has over 200 accepted species. These impressive evergreen shrubs are very popular for shaded gardens and borders. Depending on the species, they grow upright or spreading, 2 to 20 feet tall and 2 to 10 feet wide. Their dense habit and the attractive, glossy, dark green foliage provide privacy and screening. The rose-like flower forms, vibrant colors, and various blooming seasons will add interest to your home landscape. The genus Camellia was named in honor of Georg Joseph Camel, a Jesuit missionary in the Philippines, who had a special interest in plants native to the Orient. This genus is a member of the tea family (Theaceae). Camellias thrive in partial shade. It is recommended to avoid sites that receive early morning sun or hot afternoon sun. A sheltered location is needed to protect the plants from cold, dry winds that can damage the flower buds and blooms. These shrubs are hardy in zones 6 to 9. The soil should be moist, well-drained, slightly acidic, organically rich, and loamy. They don't tolerate drought, and do not require fertilizing. If pruning is necessary, prune the stems back to last year's growth soon after blooming is finished to avoid removing next year's buds. Pick up spent blooms and replace the mulch regularly to prevent disease. Best planted from November to February, to establish the shrub before the summer heat sets in. Propagated by stem cuttings, hardwood cuttings, layering, or grafting. The Japanese and sasanqua camellia are frequently found in North Carolina gardens, and many cultivars are available in a variety of colors. Species such as C. transarisanensis and C. lutchuensis are less well-known and have smaller flowers and leaves. Camellia oleifera is known as the tea oil camellia, and its seeds are used for making oil. The Camellia sinensis is the tea camellia, and tea can be made with its leaves. Some of the species are more tolerant of cooler temperatures or have a more elegant habit. Depending on the species, this flowering evergreen shrub, has various growth habits, flower sizes, bloom colors, and seasons of interest. Select the species, based on its mature size, that will be adaptable to your landscape. These shrubs make a wonderful addition to your garden, used as a border or foundation planting, in a shaded garden, as a container plant, or accent. New cultivars are always being introduced. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Monitor for tea scale, aphids, planthoppers, and spider mites. Camellias are susceptible to viruses and fungal diseases. Monitor for leaf spot, anthracnose, black mold, petal blight, leaf gall, bud gall, canker, dieback, and root rot. Root rot from poor soil drainage and petal blight can be fatal. If petal blight is suspected (brownish, rust-colored spots on the flowers), the infected portion must be removed. Tool sanitation is important to help prevent the spread of fungal disease. Chlorosis causes yellowing of the leaves and is best treated by adding iron to the soil. For further information, the Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common camellia diseases and insect pests.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 58 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 2 - Understory (15-40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Shrub; Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt)
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
6-feet-12 feet; 12-24 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 2 ft. 0 in. - 20 ft. 0 in. | Width: 2 ft. 0 in. - 10 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Slow
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
2 - Understory (15-40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Dense; Erect; Multi-stemmed
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Oblong; Ovate
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf feel
Glossy; Leathery; Smooth
Leaf value
Long-lasting
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The leaves are dark green, glossy, leathery, alternate, elliptical to ovate to oblong with serrate margins. Leaf size varies between species, 1.5 inches long and 0.5 inches wide, 1 to 3 inches, 2 to 4 inches, or 3 to 5 inches long.
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; Pink; Red/Burgundy; Variegated; White
Flower value
Fragrant; Good Cut; Showy
Flower form
Solitary
Flower shape
Cup
Flower detail
Species have varying flower forms from single, semi-double, anemone, peony, rose, and formal double. Each has a unique arrangement of its petals and stamens. There are fall-blooming camellias (blooms from October to January), winter-blooming (blooms from January to March), spring-blooming (blooms from March to May), and long-blooming (blooms from April to September). The colors range from white, yellow, pink, red, and variegated. The number of petals varies from 5 to over 100 depending on the form. The flower size depends on the species, varying from 1 to 2 inches, 2 to 3.5 inches, 3 to 5 inches, or over 6 inches in diameter. White and yellow anthers, and the white filaments, are displayed in the center of the bloom.
Bloom time
Fall; Spring; Summer; Winter
Fruit color
Brown/Copper
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The fruit is a hard, woody, globose capsule, initially green and reddish-brown when ripe. Each capsule contains 4 to 5, dark brown seeds.
Bark color
Light Brown; Light Gray
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Tropical and Subtropical Asia
Distribution
Native: Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Hainan, Japan, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam. Introduced: Argentina Northeast, Bolivia, Ethiopia, Guinea, India, Mauritius, Réunion, Seychelles, Trinidad-Tobago, Turkey, and the United States.
Attracts
Pollinators; Songbirds
Play value
Attractive Flowers; Easy to Grow
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Capsule

Uses (ethnobotany)

Some species are used for traditional herbal use. Some are used for making both teas or tea seed oil

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Patio
Landscape theme
Asian Garden; Cottage Garden; Cutting Garden; Shade Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Accent; Border; Flowering Tree; Foundation Planting; Hedge; Screen/Privacy; Small Tree
Garden tags
#flowering shrub #broadleaf evergreen #shrub #partial shade tolerant #spring interest #fall interest #acidic soils tolerant #winter interest #drought intolerant #multistemmed #low maintenance #foundation planting #accent #showy flowers #frequent insect problems #frequent disease problems #border planting #Asian garden #small tree #glossy leaves #evergreen
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Frequent Disease Problems; Frequent Insect Problems
Resistant to
Deer; Salt
Propagation
Grafting; Layering; Stem Cutting

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.