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Canna

Canna generalis (KAN-uh jen-er-RAL-liss)

Family: Cannaceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Garden Canna is a herbaceous perennial in the Cannaceae family native to the tropical and subtropical regions of North and South America and India but has been widely cultivated. It is most likely the hybrid of Canna indica and Canna glauca or Canna iridiflora. Currently, all Canna hybrids are included under the scientific name of Canna x generalis. The genus name, Canna , is from the Greek word "Kanna," which means reed-like. The plants are very large and grow up to 6 feet tall. They will attract attention to any garden whether planted as an accent or in a mass planting. They have large colorful flowers and tropical appearing foliage. The foliage and flower color vary depending on the cultivar. Garden Canna prefers sunlight to light shade, soils with high organic matter, in a variety of soils, clay, loam acidic and slightly alkaline. They can grow in shade but will not flower well. They grow best in moist, well-drained soils, but they can tolerate some standing water or drought once they are established. They have a high heat tolerance, but they are prone to wind damage. In warmer zones, the rhizomes may be left in the soil to over winter. After the first frost, cut the foliage down to the ground and cover with available mulch. In colder zones, dig up the rhizomes and bring inside and store them in peat or vermiculite in a cool dry space with temperatures between 45 - 50 degrees. The rhizomes should be planted after the last spring frost. It is best to plant the rhizomes at least 5 inches deep and 12 inches apart. Spent flowers should be removed to encourage continued flowering through the summer months. The plant may be propagated by seeds, rhizomes, and division. Their striking and brightly colored flowers make them an excellent choice for a border grouping, and their tropical feel works well in pool-side landscaping. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Japanese beetles may feed on the young leaves and flower buds. Aster yellows cause dull yellowing of the leaves that eventually turn brown. The disease is spread by aphids. Slugs and snails may also chew on the leaves. Bud rot causes spots on the unfolding leaves running together along the leaf veins. They start as white but eventually turn black. Infected buds turn black before they open. The plant is susceptible to leaf-rolling caterpillars. Canna mosaic virus causes pale yellow stripes on the leaves. Leaf spot, rust, and bacterial blight may be also be found. The rhizomes will rot in poorly drained soils. VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for "Edibles, Bulbs, and Houseplants" a plant identification course developed in partnership with Longwood Gardens. More information on Canna .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 62 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Fills a similar niche Impatiens walleriana Petunia x hybrida Salvia rosmarinus

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Bulb
Life cycle
Annual; Perennial
USDA zones
8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry | Occasionally Wet
Available space
12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal
Mature size
Height: 2 ft. 0 in. - 6 ft. 0 in. | Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping; Erect; Spreading
Texture
Coarse
Leaf color
Brown/Copper; Green; Variegated
Leaf type
Sheath; Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate; Rosulate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Lanceolate; Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Rough
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, > 6 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The leaves are glabrous, ovate, green, and measure 18 to 36 inches long. They have a coarse texture. Some cultivars have colorful variegated leaves.
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; Pink; Red/Burgundy; Variegated; White
Flower value
Showy
Flower form
Panicle; Raceme; Spike
Flower shape
Lipped
Flower size
3-6 inches
Flower detail
The flowers are large, measuring 4-8 inches long, and occur as terminal racemes or panicles. Each flower has 3 sepals and 3 petals. There is one petal-like stamen and 3-4 petal-like staminodes. The style is pedal-like, and the ovary is warty and spiny. The flowers bloom in different colors depending on the cultivar. They include blooms of white, ivory, yellow, orange, pink, coral, salmon, red, or variegated.
Bloom time
Summer
Fruit color
Green
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit size
1-3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
The fruit is an ellipsoid or globose greenish capsule that is covered with soft spines. The capsule contains a large number of hard seeds.
Stem detail
The stems are multi-trunked or clumping.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Native to tropics and subtropics from FL, South America, & India
Distribution
Tropical and subtropical areas of North America, South America, and India
Wildlife value
The Garden Canna is the larval host of the Brazilian skipper.
Attracts
Bees; Hummingbirds
Host plant for
Brazilian skipper
Play value
Attractive Flowers; Attracts Pollinators; Colorful; Screening; Wildlife Larval Host
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Capsule
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Patio; Pond; Pool/Hardscape
Landscape theme
Cottage Garden; Pollinator Garden
Design feature
Accent; Border; Mass Planting; Screen/Privacy; Small groups
Garden tags
#poolside planting #non-toxic for cats #non-toxic for horses #non-toxic for dogs #rhizomatous #container plant #colorful leaves #pollinator plant #summer flowers #perennial #cpp #HS111 #HS303 #fpp
Problems & Resistance
Resistant to
Heat
Propagation
Division; Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.