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Natal Plum

Carissa macrocarpa (ka-RIS-uh ma-kro-KAR-pa)

Family: Apocynaceae Non-native Shrub

Natal plum is an easy-to-grow, spiny, evergreen, perennial shrub with dense, leathery, green leaves, fragrant, white flowers and showy, edible, red fruits. It is a member of the dogbane family (Apocynaceae) native to tropical East Africa. It has naturalized in Florida, Texas, and parts of Asia. The species epithet, macrocarpa , means large fruit. Natal plum will do well in full sun or light shade and organic soil in a warm, moist, tropical environment. It is easy to grow and can be sheared or hedged to fit the environment. It is a tropical plant that thrives in USDA zones 9 and 10. It is tolerant of salt spray. Fragrant flowers bloom throughout the year, followed by plum-like fruits that ripen to a reddish-purple hue. It is typically small, at 5 to 7 feet tall, but can reach a height of 30 feet. Because of its spine-tipped leave and its stout, one- or -two-pronged, spines up to 1 inch long, it can be used as a hedge, security screen or foundation planting where it is hardy. It can also be grown in a container that is brought indoors in the winter. Diseases, Insect Pests, and Other Plant Problems: No known diseases or pests.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 62 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 3 - Shrub
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Ilex cornuta 'Anicet Delcambre' Ilex cornuta 'Carissa'
Native alternatives Ilex vomitoria

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Edible; Perennial; Shrub
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
9a, 9b, 10a, 10b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
3 - Shrub
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Ascending; Dense; Multi-stemmed; Rounded
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Brown/Copper; Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Glossy; Leathery
Leaf value
Long-lasting
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, 1-3 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Thick 1-2-inch-long leaves are smooth and glossy dark green. The leaf tip is pointed and sharp.
Flower color
White
Flower value
Fragrant
Flower form
Cyme; Solitary
Flower shape
Star
Flower detail
Five petaled solitary star-shaped white flowers with a jasmine-like scent bloom throughout the year.
Fruit color
Green; Purple/Lavender; Red/Burgundy
Fruit value
Edible; Showy
Fruit size
1-3 inches long
Fruit detail
Ovoid, 1-inch-long fruits, resemble plums, hence the common name. Immature fruits are green. They ripen to red or purple; fleshy, thin-skinned, and many-seeded. Edible when ripe.
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
Young stems are smooth, greenish, strongly wrinkled into longitudinal ridges and channels; older twigs are similar with greenish or brownish color and often glossy surface.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Kenya to South Africa
Distribution
Cultivated in warm areas around the world.
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit

Edibility

Fruits have a raspberry-cranberry flavor.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Pool/Hardscape
Landscape theme
Edible Garden
Design feature
Foundation Planting; Hedge; Screen/Privacy; Security
Garden tags
#white flowers #leathery leaves #glossy fruits #easy to grow #edible fruits #showy fruits #purple fruits #low maintenance #red fruits #salt spray tolerant #non-toxic for cats #non-toxic for horses #non-toxic for dogs #spines #security plant #dense growth #perennial
Problems & Resistance
Problems
Spines/Thorns
Resistant to
Salt
Propagation
Layering; Seed
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Sap/Juice
Poison symptoms
Sap contains latex. Ingesting large quantities may cause minor illnesses such as vomiting or diarrhea. The ripe fruits, however, are edible.
Toxic principle
Unidentified, possibly a glycoside
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Sap/Juice

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.