Students for Stewardship The Cork Board
← Back to the library

China Fir

Cunninghamia lanceolata (kun-ing-HAM-ee-a lan-see-oh-LAY-ta)

Family: Cupressaceae Non-native Canopy (>40 ft)

In its native habitats, China fir can reach heights of up to 150'. When grown in cultivation, it will not reach those heights, topping out to around 75' tall. With its pendulous, spreading branches, this specimen takes on a conical or pyramidal form. The foliage is in the form of stiff needles that are close and spirally arranged, however appear as if 2 ranked, where the foliage on a stem is arranged in two vertical columns on opposite sides of the stem. Optimum growing conditions include well drained loamy soil in a sheltered, sunny location. Its bark can range from dark gray to reddish brown with vertical fissures. As the tree matures the bark will crack into flakes or begin to exfoliate to reveal an aromatic reddish-brown inner bark. Pruning may be required to keep a neat appearance as dead foliage can remain on the tree for years. Suckering may lead to several trunks but seldom branches to form a double leader. As with other tall trees, maintaining one central trunk is the preferred form. Good green color during the growing season with groups of small squarish cones. It tends to "brown out" inside as it matures. This plant prefers acidic, clay to loam soils and protection from full sun and wind. When located in full sun, ensure that the soil does not dry out. In addition to its medicinal uses, oils from the branches is used in the production of perfume. Its wood is used various forms of construction and shipbuilding. With this species not being winter hardy in northern locations, the cultivar 'Glauca' may be a better choice. It is more winter hardy. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: No serious disease or insect issues.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 57 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
24-60 feet
NC region
Coastal; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 30 ft. 0 in. - 75 ft. 0 in. | Width: 10 ft. 0 in. - 30 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Conical; Dense; Erect; Horizontal; Pyramidal; Spreading
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Needled Evergreen
Leaf color
Blue; Green
Leaf type
Needles
Leaf arrangement
Other/more complex; Whorled
Leaf shape
Lanceolate; Linear
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Glossy; Leathery; Prickly
Leaf value
Fragrant
Leaf size
1-3 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
The leaves are a bright green to blue-green, discoloring during the winter months to bronze-green. The needles are flat with a sharp point on the end.
Fall color
Brown/Copper; Red/Burgundy
Flower color
Brown/Copper; Gold/Yellow
Flower detail
Inconspicuous, cylindrical male flowers and yellow-brown females.
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit size
1-3 inches long
Fruit detail
Squarish cones in groups of 1 to 3 appear at the ends of the shoots.
Bark color
Dark Brown; Light Brown; Red/Burgundy
Bark detail
The brown bark on mature trees will experience exfoliating in strips where its reddish-brown inner bark will be exposed.
Stem detail
When the tree is young it is pyramidal, then as it ages becomes open with pendulous branches and often multistemmed due to its suckering habit.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Central China
Play value
Buffer; Screening
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall; Summer

Uses (ethnobotany)

Timber, reforestation

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Recreational Play Area
Landscape theme
Children's Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Accent; Barrier; Screen/Privacy; Specimen
Garden tags
#evergreen #children's garden #buffer #Braham Arboretum #wet soils tolerant #playground plant #conifer #pyramidal #winter garden #dry soils intolerant #winter interest #wind pollinated #evergreen tree #disease resistant #insect resistant #HS304 #screen
Problems & Resistance
Resistant to
Diseases; Insect Pests; Wet Soil
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.