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Barley

Hordeum vulgare (HOR-dee-um vul-GAR-ay)

Family: Poaceae Unknown Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Barley is an annual grass grown as a cover crop, for forage, or for grain. The home gardener is apt to grow barley, which is a member of the grass family (Poaceae), as a fall-sown, winter cover crop. Barley was domesticated in the Middle East, but as a modern crop, it is cultivated worldwide. The grain is the source of malt, which is fermented to make beer. The species epithet is Latin for “common.” Barley grows best in full sun but is adaptable to a variety of soil types, as long as the soil is well-drained. The best results are on moderately fertile soils, not subject to flooding. Because barley is not a legume, it does not fix nitrogen; however, it produces adequate root and top growth that can be incorporated into the soil, increasing the soil’s organic matter content. Barley can also be grown as a cover crop in combination with crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum ), which is a nitrogen-fixing plant. Barley is a suitable cover crop for a vegetable garden, fruit orchard or permaculture garden. The benefits of a cover crop are the prevention of erosion, the suppression of weeds and the addition of organic matter to the soil. Barley does not host Hessian fly, so it is a good cover crop to precede wheat. Barley is excellent at smothering and outcompeting weeds. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Barley is susceptible to southern root knot nematode.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 39 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Triticum aestivum

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Edible; Ground Cover
Life cycle
Annual
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
Less than 12 inches
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 4 ft. 0 in. | Width: 0 ft. 6 in. - 1 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Sheath
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf feel
Papery
Hairs present
No
Flower color
Insignificant
Flower value
Good Dried
Flower form
Raceme
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
The individual flowers are tiny and not showy, but the inflorescence is sometimes used in dried floral arrangements.
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; Gold/Yellow
Fruit type
Caryopsis
Fruit value
Edible
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit
Fruit type
Caryopsis

Uses (ethnobotany)

A small grain (for flour or beer-making), a forage, and a cover crop.

Landscape Use
Garden tags
#cover crop #cover crop-winter #annual #forage #annual grass #grass
Problems & Resistance
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.