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Wheat

Triticum aestivum (TRIH-tih-kum ESS-tee-vum)

Family: Poaceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Wheat is an annual grass grown as a cover crop, for forage, or for grain. The home gardener is apt to grow wheat, which is a member of the grass family (Poaceae), as a fall-sown, winter cover crop. Wheat was domesticated in the region that stretched from Mesopotamia to India. As a modern crop, wheat is cultivated worldwide, and more acreage is under wheat than any other crop. The species epithet is Latin for “summer.” Wheat grows best in full sun but is adaptable to a variety of soil types, as long as the soil is well-drained. The best results are on moderately fertile soils, not subject to flooding. Because wheat is not a legume, it does not fix nitrogen; however, it produces adequate root and top growth that can be incorporated into the soil, increasing the soil’s organic matter content. Wheat is a suitable cover crop for a vegetable garden, fruit orchard or permaculture garden. The benefits of a cover crop are the prevention of erosion, the suppression of weeds and the addition of organic matter to the soil. Wheat does not host certain nematodes and may be a useful cover crop where those pests are prevalent. Wheat is excellent at smothering and outcompeting weeds. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Wheat is susceptible to southern root knot nematode. If Hessian fly is present in your area, plant wheat after the first fall frost.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 38 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Hordeum vulgare x Triticosecale

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Edible; Ground Cover
Life cycle
Annual
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
Less than 12 inches
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 2 ft. 0 in. - 4 ft. 0 in. | Width: 0 ft. 6 in. - 1 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect
Leaf color
Green
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf feel
Papery
Leaf size
< 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Flower color
Green
Flower form
Raceme
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
The flowers are insignificant, but the inflorescence with its long awns is ornamental and distinctive.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Turkey through Iran to India
Distribution
worldwide
Food & Medicine

Edibility

The grain is edible when cooked.

Uses (ethnobotany)

It is the most widely cultivated crop in the world, a staple grain.

Landscape Use
Garden tags
#cover crop #cover crop-winter #annual #annual grass #grass
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Three-Cornered Alfalfa Hopper in Soybean
Disease problems
Harvesting Scabby Wheat and Dealing With DON
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.