Students for Stewardship The Cork Board
← Back to the library

Cereal Rye

Secale cereale (see-KAY-lee see-ree-AH-lee)

Family: Poaceae Unknown Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Rye is an annual grass grown as a cover crop, forage, or grain. The home gardener is apt to grow rye, which is a member of the grass family (Poaceae), as a fall-sown, winter cover crop. Rye was domesticated in Turkey, but as a modern crop, it is cultivated worldwide. The species epithet is Latin for “cereal.” Rye or cereal rye should not be confused with the ryegrasses ( Lolium spp.) used for turf. Rye grows best in full sun. It is adaptable to a variety of soil types, as long as the soil is well-drained. The best results are on moderately fertile soils, not subject to flooding. Because rye is not a legume, it does not fix nitrogen; however, it produces strong root and top growth and is excellent for preventing wind erosion. Rye can also be grown as a cover crop in combination with hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa ) , which is a nitrogen-fixing plant. Rye is a suitable cover crop for a vegetable garden, fruit orchard or permaculture garden. Rye is the preferred small grain cover crop for sandy, coastal plain soils. The benefits of a cover crop are the prevention of erosion, the suppression of weeds and the addition of organic matter to the soil. Rye is the highest biomass-producing winter cover crop that can be grown in North Carolina. Rye is also excellent at smothering and outcompeting weeds, perhaps because it releases alleopathic chemicals into the soil. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems : No serious pests or diseases when grown as a cover crop.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 43 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with x Triticosecale

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Annual; Edible; Ground Cover
Life cycle
Annual
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
Less than 12 inches
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 2 ft. 0 in. - 4 ft. 0 in. | Width: 0 ft. 6 in. - 1 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Erect
Leaf color
Green
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Papery
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Flower color
Green
Flower value
Good Dried
Flower form
Raceme
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
The individual flowers are tiny and not showy, but the inflorescence is sometimes used in dried floral arrangements.
Fruit color
Brown/Copper; Gold/Yellow
Fruit type
Caryopsis
Fruit value
Edible
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
Turkey
Distribution
Worldwide
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit
Fruit type
Caryopsis

Uses (ethnobotany)

Cover crop, forage, cereal grain.

Landscape Use
Garden tags
#cover crop #cover crop-winter #easy to grow #allelopathic #annual grass #grass
Problems & Resistance
Propagation
Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.