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East Palatka Holly

Ilex cassine x opaca (EYE-leks ah-TEN-yoo-ah-tah)

Family: Aquifoliaceae Unknown Canopy (>40 ft)

'East Palatka' holly is a female cultivar of I. x attenuata. It originated from a plant was found in East Palatka, Florida, and introduced by horticulturist Harold Hume in the 1920s. 'East Palatka' holly grows best in acidic, medium moisture, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade. Although the best fruit production occurs in full sun, these plants do well with some afternoon shade in hot summer climates. You should site the plant where it can be protected from cold winter winds and where the soil is well drained. Mulch helps retain soil moisture and deter weed growth. Prune in winter to maintain the desired size, although keep in mind that the plant flowers on new growth. This is a female cultivar, but to set fruit, it will need a nearby male pollinizer. Plants can suffer from the cold in USDA Zone 5 and below. 'East Palatka' holy has a loose canopy that is rounded or pyramidal in form. It can be grown as a large shrub or pruned when young into a single trunk to promote strong growth that is more resistant to storm damage. As a tree, it can grow up to 40 feet tall. It tolerates urban conditions well and can be used in parking strips or sidewalks. It also works well as a specimen in a lawn planting or planted in groups and used as a screen or hedge. This tough plant is drought tolerant. 'East Palatka' has spiny, elliptic to obovate-lanceolate, evergreen leaves (to 3 inches long) with attenuated bases, insignificant greenish-white spring flowers, and showy, pea-sized, red fruits that persist over winter. The fruits provide ornamental winter interest and attract birds. This tree can be used as a specimen, screen or shade tree in native, winter, or formal English gardens. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Twolined spittlebug is a major pest. It may be affected by leaf spot, leaf rot, tar spot, and powdery mildew. There can also be issues with leaf drop, leaf scorch, and chlorosis. Insects can include holly leafminer, spider mites, scale and whitefly. Growth is poor on alkaline soils. The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home and Garden Information Center has a factsheet on common diseases and insect pests. More information on Ilex x attenuata .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 70 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Ilex x attenuata Foster Hybrid Group Ilex x attenuata 'Savannah'
Fills a similar niche Crataegus phaenopyrum Ilex vomitoria Ilex x attenuata
Native alternatives Ilex cassine Ilex opaca Ilex vomitoria

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Perennial; Shrub; Tree
Life cycle
Perennial; Woody
USDA zones
6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Available space
12-24 feet; 24-60 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 35 ft. 0 in. - 40 ft. 0 in. | Width: 10 ft. 0 in. - 15 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Medium
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Oval; Pyramidal; Rounded
Texture
Medium
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Oblong; Ovate
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Glossy; Prickly
Leaf value
Long-lasting
Leaf size
3-6 inches long
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Broad dull green leaves 2 to 4 inches long with one spine at the tip and few if any on the leaves.
Flower color
White
Flower form
Cyme; Insignificant
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Inconspicuous white flowers appear on new growth in late winter to early spring.
Bloom time
Spring; Winter
Fruit color
Red/Burgundy
Fruit type
Berry; Drupe
Fruit value
Showy
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
Female plants have many fleshy, bright red, pea-sized berries that remain persistent through winter. Female plants will need a nearby male pollinator to set fruit.
Bark color
Dark Gray; Light Gray
Bark detail
Thin bark can be easily damaged.
Stem color
Green
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Distribution
Southeastern United States
Wildlife value
Winter food sources for birds and wildlife. Fruits are attractive to birds. Members of the genus Ilex support the following specialized bee: Colletes banksi.
Attracts
Pollinators; Songbirds
Play value
Buffer; Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall; Winter
Fruit type
Berry; Drupe

Edibility

Use caution. Human consumption of berries can cause minor toxic reaction.

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Lawn; Meadow; Naturalized Area
Landscape theme
Drought Tolerant Garden; English Garden; Native Garden; Winter Garden
Design feature
Hedge; Screen/Privacy; Security; Small groups; Specimen; Street Tree
Garden tags
#privacy #showy fruits #evergreen tree #red fruits #lawn tree #large shrub #food source fall #evergreen #urban conditions tolerant #container plant #winter color red #street tree #specimen #naturalized area #security plant #drought tolerant #lawn planting #winter interest #food source winter #hedge #wildlife friendly #meadow #NC native #pollinizer #NC Native Pollinator Plant #screen #small groups
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Leafminers of Hollies; Armored Scale Identification and Management on Ornamental Plants; Soft Scale Identification and Management on Ornamental Plants; Managing the Twolined Spittlebug in the Home Landscape
Resistant to
Drought; Pollution; Urban Conditions
Fire risk
low flammability
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Fruits
Poison symptoms
Minor toxicity. Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhea, or other illness in humans.
Toxic principle
Saponins
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Fruits

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.