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Buckeye

Aesculus glabra (ES-kew-lus GLAY-brah)

Family: Sapindaceae Unknown Canopy (>40 ft)

Ohio buckeye is a low-branched, small to medium-sized deciduous tree in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae). The genus Aesculus is the Latin name for a nut-bearing oak while the specific epithet glabra means “without hairs” referencing the smooth leaves. Ohio buckeye typically grows 20 to 40 feet (less frequently to 75 feet) with a broad rounded canopy. It has corky gray bark and has creamy to greenish-yellow flowers in the early spring. The fruit contains one to two seeds that mature in October. Trees show a variable amount of fall color due to differences in seedlings but are most typically yellow with some oranges and red. It works well in remote or more naturalized areas of a landscape or in a woodland garden. It grows best in deep, rich, well-drained soils in part-shade as they are prone to leaf scorch if planted in full sun and under drought conditions. The flowers, bark, and stems, have an unpleasant odor when crushed, hence the sometimes common name of fetid buckeye. Because this tree has a taproot it is very difficult to transplant. The seeds, leaves and bark are poisonous. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Leaf blotch, powdery mildew, anthracnose. Leaf scorch occurs in dry or windy conditions. It can produce litter that makes it challenging around hardscapes like sidewalks and patios.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 60 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Aesculus x marylandica 'Homestead' Eleutherococcus sieboldianus
Fills a similar niche Prunus pensylvanica Prunus serotina Robinia x ambigua 'Idahoensis'
Native alternatives Aesculus flava
Similar, less problematic Aesculus flava

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Poisonous; Tree
Life cycle
Woody
USDA zones
3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Available space
24-60 feet
Mature size
Height: 20 ft. 0 in. - 40 ft. 0 in. | Width: 20 ft. 0 in. - 40 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Canopy layer
1 - Canopy (>40 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Oval; Rounded
Texture
Coarse
Foliage
Deciduous
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Compound (Pinnately , Bipinnately, Palmately)
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf shape
Elliptical; Oblong
Leaf margin
Serrate
Leaf value
Showy
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
5-7 leaflets that are smooth, without hairs.
Fall color
Gold/Yellow; Orange; Red/Burgundy
Flower color
Gold/Yellow; Green
Flower form
Panicle
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Appear in May, yellow/green in a terminal cluster, the stamens somewhat longer than the 4 petals
Bloom time
Spring
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit value
Showy
Fruit detail
warty or prickly, leathery capsule with 1-3 shiny, brown seeds, each with a pale scar (the "buck's eye")
Stem color
Brown/Copper; Green
Stem detail
Unpleasant aroma.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
USA, Southern
Distribution
OH river valley, Great Plains, Southern Appalachians
Wildlife value
Attracts butterflies.
Attracts
Butterflies
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall
Fruit type
Capsule
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Naturalized Area; Woodland
Landscape theme
Pollinator Garden
Design feature
Shade Tree
Garden tags
#deciduous #fall interest #shade tree #nectar plant #showy fruits #butterfly friendly #problem for cats #problem for dogs #problem for horses #messy #messy fruits #wildlife friendly
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Bagworms in Ornamental Landscapes; Japanese Beetles on Ornamental Landscape Plants
Disease problems
Anthracnose diseases of trees; Cucurbit Powdery Mildew
Problems
Messy; Problem for Cats; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses; Weedy
Resistant to
Deer; Rabbits
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Fruits; Leaves; Stems
Poison symptoms
Muscle weakness and paralysis, dilated pupils, vomiting, diarrhea, depression, paralysis, and stupor
Toxic principle
Glycoside aesculin, saponin aescin, possibly alkaloids
Contact dermatitis
No
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Fruits; Leaves; Stems

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.