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Chives

Allium schoenoprasum (AL-ee-um she-no-PRAY-sum)

Family: Amaryllidaceae Unknown Herbaceous (1-3 ft)

Chives are a bulbous perennial used as ornamental or culinary herbs. Chives have edible flowers and leaves used for flavoring with eggs, soups, salads, butter, cheese, dips and spreads. Chives are from the amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae) and native to a broad range of the temperate northern hemisphere including northern United States, Canada, northern Europe, Mongolia, Japan and almost all other northern hemispheric countries. The species name is derived from the Greek words "schoinos" meaning sedge or rush and "prason" meaning leek in reference to rush-like leeks. Plant chives in average well-drained soils in full sun to partial shade. Seeds can be started indoors eight to ten weeks before the last frost date or directly sown in full sun after the last frost date. Harvest can begin when plants are six inches high by clipping leaves off at the base to maintain the attractiveness of the clumps. Chives will self-seed if not dead-headed and grow in clumps which can be divided in the spring or fall. While prized for their edible qualities, their clusters of one-inch purple flowers rising up to 18 inches above ground have value as an ornamental flower. One cultivar, pink perfection, has the Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit. Chives have a high nectar volume and are thus well suited as pollinator plants. Chives can be grown in small spaces and also work well when planted in mass along borders in rock or vegetable gardens. They can also be potted up and grown on a patio or in a sunny window indoors. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems : No serious problems. Root rot may occur in poorly drained soil. Chives are deer and drought resistant. VIDEO Created by Elisabeth Meyer for the "Plant Identification and Use" courses developed in partnership with Longwood Gardens. More information on Allium .

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 63 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Fills a similar niche Allium Salvia rosmarinus Thymus vulgaris

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Bulb; Cool Season Vegetable; Edible; Herb; Herbaceous Perennial; Houseplant; Vegetable
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist | Occasionally Dry
Available space
Less than 12 inches; 12 inches-3 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 1 ft. 6 in. | Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 1 ft. 5 in.
Growth rate
Medium
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (1-3 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping
Texture
Fine
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen
Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf arrangement
Rosulate
Leaf shape
Acicular; Linear
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf value
Edible; Fragrant
Leaf size
3-6 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Hollow, fragrant, upright grass-like leaves forming clumps
Flower color
Purple/Lavender
Flower value
Edible; Long-lasting; Showy
Flower form
Umbel
Flower shape
Star
Flower size
< 1 inch
Flower detail
Clusters of 1/2-3/4 inch star-shaped pale purple flowers with 6 petals bloom April-May on hollow tubular scapes. Fragrant and edible.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit size
< 1 inch long, < 1 inch wide
Fruit detail
3-valved capsule opens in summer to disperse many seeds
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
Hollow, tubular green stems up to 20 inches tall
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Unknown
Origin
Temperate Northern Hemisphere
Wildlife value
Flowers attract pollinators
Attracts
Pollinators
Play value
Attractive Flowers; Edible fruit; Wildlife Food Source
Food & Medicine
Edible parts
Fruit; Leaves; Flowers
Harvest time
Summer
Fruit type
Capsule

Edibility

Flowers have a mildly bitter flavor and like young leaves can be eaten in small quantities raw in salads and sandwiches or cooked in tea and soups. However, the plant also has poisonous characteristics as noted in the "Poisonous to Humans" section of this record. Toxicity can depend on the age of the person or animal, the age of the plant, the part of the plant ingested, how much is ingested, whether the person or animal has sensitivities or allergies, whether it's eaten raw or cooked, and so forth. Consult with a medical professional for further details.

Uses (ethnobotany)

Leaves popular in many culinary dishes, flowers used to garnish soups and salads

Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Houseplants; Patio; Recreational Play Area; Small Space; Walkways
Landscape theme
Children's Garden; Cottage Garden; Drought Tolerant Garden; Edible Garden; Rock Garden
Design feature
Border; Mass Planting; Small groups
Garden tags
#bulb #fragrant leaves #interiorscape #small spaces #vegetable garden #children's garden #border planting #edible garden #rock garden #problem for cats #problem for dogs #problem for horses #cool season vegetable #vegetable #container plant #playground plant #patio #herb garden #herbaceous perennial #edible #wildlife friendly #th-smell #th-taste #th-sowing #th-wildlife
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Bulb Mites; Insect and Related Pests of Vegetables; Pests of Onion
Problems
Problem for Cats; Problem for Dogs; Problem for Horses
Resistant to
Black Walnut; Deer; Diseases; Drought; Humidity; Wet Soil
Particularly resistant to
Tolerant of deer, drought and Black Walnut
Propagation
Division; Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.