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Gardener's Garters

Phalaris arundinaera (FAL-ah-ris a-run-din-ay-SEE-uh)

Family: Poaceae Non-native Herbaceous (3-15 ft)

Reed canarygrass is an invasive cool-season grass in the Poaceae (grass) family. There are native canarygrasses, but this weedy one is native to Eurasia. Clumps form extensive single-species stands along the margins of lakes and streams and in wet open areas. They can reach heights of 6-9 feet and quickly crowd out native plants. They spread by rhizomes and seeds and are very difficult to eradicate once established.The plant will grow in almost any soil type and pH range in full sun to part shade. The rough, flat leaves grow 1-4 feet long and panicles of flowers are produced in early summer, followed by seedheads. In winter, the clump collapses, making walking through it difficult and providing no cover for wildlife. Although it is often a wetland invader, it can tolerate drier environments due to its deep root system. See native grasses listed to the left. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: It can spread aggressively. See native alternatives in the left-hand column. Listed as invasive by the NC Invasive Plant Council and by many other states.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 57 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Often confused with Liriope muscari 'Silvery Sunproof'
Fills a similar niche Lygodium microphyllum Phragmites australis Typha latifolia
Similar, less problematic Ophiopogon japonicus Panicum virgatum 'Cloud Nine' Panicum virgatum 'Heavy Metal'

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Ornamental Grasses and Sedges; Weed
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
Clay; High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand; Shallow Rocky
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Soil drainage
Moist | Occasionally Dry | Occasionally Wet
Available space
3 feet-6 feet; 6-feet-12 feet
NC region
Coastal; Mountains; Piedmont
Mature size
Height: 2 ft. 0 in. - 5 ft. 0 in. | Width: 3 ft. 0 in. - 8 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
High
Canopy layer
4 - Herbaceous (3-15 ft)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Clumping; Erect; Open
Texture
Coarse
Leaf color
Green; Variegated; White
Leaf type
Sheath; Simple
Leaf arrangement
Alternate
Leaf shape
Linear
Leaf margin
Entire
Leaf feel
Rough
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, < 1 inch wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Rough flat green leaves that gradually taper to the tip are 1-4 feet long and 3/4- 1 inch wide.
Fall color
Brown/Copper
Flower color
Green; Pink; White
Flower value
Long-lasting
Flower form
Panicle
Flower detail
Tight panicles of tiny flowers are greenish-white to pinkish fowers and appear in early summer
Bloom time
Summer
Fruit color
Cream/Tan
Fruit type
Caryopsis
Fruit detail
The inflorescence color changes from green to purplish to tan as the seeds mature. There are both sterile and fertile lemmas
Stem color
Green
Stem detail
Smooth green stems are sometimes hollow
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Eurasia
Food & Medicine
Harvest time
Fall; Summer
Fruit type
Caryopsis
Landscape Use
Garden tags
#high maintenance #aggressive #wet soils tolerant #clumping #fast growing #standing water tolerant #perennial #weedy #wetland
Problems & Resistance
Other problems
Invasive Plants and Your Forests
Problems
Weedy
Resistant to
Black Walnut; Drought; Dry Soil; Pollution; Wet Soil
Propagation
Division; Seed

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.