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Philodendron

Philodendron (fil-oh-DEN-dron)

Family: Araceae Non-native Vine (vertical)

Philodendron is a genus of over 600 species of herbaceous perennials in the arum family (Araceae). In their native habitats, tropical forests of Central and South America, they tend to climb on tree trunks or grow as epiphytes, but in North Carolina, they are houseplants. The genus name, Philodendron , is derived from the Greek words phileo, meaning "to love," and dendron, meaning "tree." The plants of this genus prefer bright indirect sunlight, warm temperatures, and moist, well-drained soil that is high in organic matter. Avoid direct sunlight because that can scorch the leaves. Some varieties may require more light than others. The ideal temperature for philodendrons is between 65 and 85 degrees F. They are very sensitive to cold; therefore, drafts should be avoided. They prefer high humidity, but they usually can adapt to an average home's humidity level. If the climate is very dry, consider a humidifier or placing the plant on a tray of pebbles filled with water. Depending on the species, the plant size can vary from 3 to 30 feet tall and 1 to 15 feet wide. Pruning may be needed to help maintain the plant's shape. Repot your plant when it becomes root-bound or pot-bound. Spring is the best time for repotting. Propagate by layering or stem cutting. The genus is divided into two types: climbing and non-climbing. The climbing or vining types have aerial roots that attach themselves to surfaces such as a pole or trellis. They include Philodendron hederaceum and Philodendron erubescens . The non-climbing or self-heading types grow upright and include Philodendron bipinnatifidum and hybrids such as ' Birkin ' and ' Moonlight.' The latter types have very short stems and leaves held in a rosette. Their leaves are large and have a variety of shapes. Young and mature plants can have very different appearances, making species identification difficult. Both types are popular houseplants for the home or office. They are used in containers and hanging baskets. Philodendron hederaceum is the most common variety of houseplant and has solid green leaves. Philodendron bipinnatifidum (tree philodendron) is typically used in warmer climates, zone 9a or higher, as a foundation plant, growing up to 12 to 15 feet tall. Insects, Diseases and Other Plant Problems : Monitor for mealybugs, aphids, scale, banded greenhouse thrips and spider mites. Overwatering can cause root rot. Leaf spots can occur but may be prevented by increased air circulation and by keeping the leaves from getting wet.

Source: NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox ↗ NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox, 52 attributes.

How it fits the guild

Guild layer 6 - Vine (vertical) Optimal soil pH Acid (<6.0)
See companions & conflicts ↓

Companions & Conflicts

Curated pairwise relationships between this plant and others in the library — who feeds whom, who competes, who confuses the pests. Green reads as a good pairing, red as one to avoid.

No curated interactions recorded for this species yet.

Also noted by NC State

Related species the NC State Plant Toolbox flags for this plant — look-alikes to tell apart, and plants that play a similar role in a planting. Ones we carry in the library are linked.

Full plant profile

Growing Conditions
Plant type
Herbaceous Perennial; Houseplant
Life cycle
Perennial
USDA zones
10a, 10b, 11a, 11b, 12a
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day) | Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)
Soil texture
High Organic Matter; Loam (Silt); Sand
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0)
Soil drainage
Good Drainage | Moist
Mature size
Height: 3 ft. 0 in. - 30 ft. 0 in. | Width: 1 ft. 0 in. - 15 ft. 0 in.
Growth rate
Rapid
Maintenance
Low
Canopy layer
6 - Vine (vertical)
Form & Appearance
Habit / form
Climbing; Dense
Texture
Medium
Leaf color
Gray/Silver; Green; Purple/Lavender; Red/Burgundy; Variegated
Leaf type
Simple
Leaf shape
Cordate; Pinnatifid
Leaf margin
Entire; Lobed; Undulate
Leaf feel
Glossy; Smooth; Velvety
Leaf value
Showy
Leaf size
> 6 inches long, > 6 inches wide
Hairs present
No
Leaf detail
Depending on the species, the leaf size, shape, color, and texture vary. The leaves of some species are only 3 inches long while others may be up to 3 feet long. The shape may be heart-shaped, arrowhead-shaped, or pinnatifid. The texture can be glossy and smooth or velvety. The color ranges from green, red, purple, copper, gray, or variegated. The leaf margins can be entire, lobed, or undulate.
Flower color
Purple/Lavender; Red/Burgundy; White
Flower form
Spadix
Flower detail
The flowers consist of a white spadix that is surrounded by purplish-red spathe. Bloom time is dependent on the species and maybe spring or summer. Houseplants usually do not flower.
Bloom time
Spring; Summer
Fruit color
Orange; White
Fruit type
Berry
Fruit detail
The fruit may be a white or orange berry. Houseplants may not produce fruits.
Wildlife & Ecology
Native status
Non-native
Origin
Mexico to Tropical America
Distribution
Native: Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras. Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela and the Windward Islands. Introduced: Bangladesh, Cook Islands, Hawai, Seychelles, and Society Island.
Play value
Easy to Grow
Food & Medicine
Fruit type
Berry
Landscape Use
Landscape location
Container; Hanging Baskets; Houseplants; Patio
Design feature
Border; Foundation Planting
Garden tags
#problem for dogs #patio #container plant #problem for children #interesting leaves #contact dermatitis #showy leaves #climber #dappled sunlight #dense growth #problem for cats #humidity tolerant #houseplant #herbaceous perennial #warm climates #low maintenance #spadix #poisonous if ingested #spathe #interiorscape #easy to grow houseplant #hortcontest
Problems & Resistance
Insect problems
Banded Greenhouse Thrips
Problems
Contact Dermatitis; Poisonous to Humans; Problem for Cats; Problem for Children; Problem for Dogs
Resistant to
Humidity
Propagation
Layering; Stem Cutting
Poison severity
Low
Poison parts
Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Seeds; Stems
Poison symptoms
If any part of the plant is ingested by humans or pets, it may cause pain and swelling of the mouth, lips, tongue, and throat. Excessive drooling, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, and loss of speech may also result. The sap can cause skin irritation.
Toxic principle
Calcium oxalate crystals
Contact dermatitis
Yes
Toxicity summary
Low severity poison; parts: Flowers; Fruits; Leaves; Roots; Sap/Juice; Seeds; Stems; contact dermatitis

Planted at Hunnicutt

Nobody’s planted this one yet.